Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 10065 New York, New York, USA.
Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Feb;17(2):97-111. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.107. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
Immunogenicity depends on two key factors: antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The presence of exogenous or mutated antigens explains why infected cells and malignant cells can initiate an adaptive immune response provided that the cells also emit adjuvant signals as a consequence of cellular stress and death. Several infectious pathogens have devised strategies to control cell death and limit the emission of danger signals from dying cells, thereby avoiding immune recognition. Similarly, cancer cells often escape immunosurveillance owing to defects in the molecular machinery that underlies the release of endogenous adjuvants. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms that underlie the activation of immune responses against dying cells and their pathophysiological relevance.
抗原性和佐剂活性。外源性或突变抗原的存在解释了为什么感染细胞和恶性细胞能够引发适应性免疫反应，只要这些细胞由于细胞应激和死亡而发出佐剂信号。一些传染性病原体已经设计出策略来控制细胞死亡并限制来自死亡细胞的危险信号的释放，从而避免免疫识别。同样，癌细胞经常逃避免疫监视，这是由于内在佐剂释放的分子机制缺陷所致。在这里，我们综述了目前关于激活针对死亡细胞的免疫反应的机制及其病理生理学相关性的知识。
