Chung Hyewon, Byeon Suk Ho, Freund K Bailey
*Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; †Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; §The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; and ¶Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical School, New York, New York.
Retina. 2017 Feb;37(2):199-221. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001345.
To review the literature regarding focal choroidal excavation and show its association with pachychoroid features through case examples.
The clinical manifestations of focal choroidal excavation are illustrated with various imaging modalities inclusive of fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging OCT, and swept-source OCT.
Diffuse or focal areas of choroidal thickening with dilated choroidal vessels (pachyvessels) on OCT and choroidal hyperpermeability on indocyanine green angiography are present in many eyes with focal choroidal excavation. Clinical and imaging features of associated comorbidities including central serous chorioretinopathy and choroidal neovascularization are described.
Focal choroidal excavation appears to be a manifestation of pachychoroid spectrum disease associated with choroidal thickening and pachyvessels on structural OCT and choroidal hyperpermeability on indocyanine green angiography.
回顾关于局限性脉络膜凹陷的文献，并通过病例展示其与厚脉络膜特征的关联。
通过多种成像方式阐述局限性脉络膜凹陷的临床表现，包括眼底照相、眼底自发荧光、荧光素血管造影、吲哚菁绿血管造影、谱域光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、增强深度成像OCT和扫频源OCT。
许多患有局限性脉络膜凹陷的眼睛在OCT上存在脉络膜增厚的弥漫或局灶区域以及扩张的脉络膜血管（厚血管），在吲哚菁绿血管造影上存在脉络膜高通透性。描述了包括中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变和脉络膜新生血管在内的相关合并症的临床和影像学特征。
局限性脉络膜凹陷似乎是厚脉络膜谱系疾病的一种表现，在结构OCT上与脉络膜增厚和厚血管相关，在吲哚菁绿血管造影上与脉络膜高通透性相关。
