Louveau I, Perruchot M-H, Bonnet M, Gondret F
1INRA,UMR1348 Pegase,F-35590 Saint-Gilles,France.
3INRA,UMR1213 Herbivores,F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle,France.
Animal. 2016 Nov;10(11):1839-1847. doi: 10.1017/S1751731116000872.
Both white and brown adipose tissues are recognized to be differently involved in energy metabolism and are also able to secrete a variety of factors called adipokines that are involved in a wide range of physiological and metabolic functions. Brown adipose tissue is predominant around birth, except in pigs. Irrespective of species, white adipose tissue has a large capacity to expand postnatally and is able to adapt to a variety of factors. The aim of this review is to update the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with pre- and postnatal adipose tissue development with a special focus on pigs and ruminants. In contrast to other tissues, the embryonic origin of adipose cells remains the subject of debate. Adipose cells arise from the recruitment of specific multipotent stem cells/progenitors named adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Recent studies have highlighted the existence of a variety of those cells being able to differentiate into white, brown or brown-like/beige adipocytes. After commitment to the adipocyte lineage, progenitors undergo large changes in the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle arrest, lipid accumulation and secretory functions. Early nutrition can affect these processes during fetal and perinatal periods and can also influence or pre-determinate later growth of adipose tissue. How these changes may be related to adipose tissue functional maturity around birth and can influence newborn survival is discussed. Altogether, a better knowledge of fetal and postnatal adipose tissue development is important for various aspects of animal production, including neonatal survival, postnatal growth efficiency and health.
白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织在能量代谢中发挥着不同作用，并且都能够分泌多种被称为脂肪因子的因子，这些因子参与广泛的生理和代谢功能。除猪以外，棕色脂肪组织在出生前后占主导地位。不论物种如何，白色脂肪组织在出生后具有很大的扩张能力，并且能够适应多种因素。本综述的目的是更新与出生前后脂肪组织发育相关的细胞和分子机制，特别关注猪和反刍动物。与其他组织不同，脂肪细胞的胚胎起源仍然存在争议。脂肪细胞起源于特定的多能干细胞/祖细胞（称为脂肪组织来源的基质细胞）的募集。最近的研究强调了存在多种能够分化为白色、棕色或棕色样/米色脂肪细胞的细胞。在确定为脂肪细胞谱系后，祖细胞在许多参与细胞周期停滞、脂质积累和分泌功能的基因表达方面发生巨大变化。早期营养可在胎儿期和围产期影响这些过程，也可影响或预先决定脂肪组织的后期生长。本文讨论了这些变化如何与出生前后脂肪组织的功能成熟相关，以及如何影响新生儿存活。总之，更好地了解胎儿期和出生后脂肪组织的发育对于动物生产的各个方面都很重要，包括新生儿存活、出生后生长效率和健康。
