Joh Amy S
Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey.
Dev Psychobiol. 2016 Nov;58(7):896-908. doi: 10.1002/dev.21445.
This study examined sex difference in spatial reasoning, a type of spatial cognition necessary for everyday activities. An aggregated data set was composed of data from 273 3- to 4-year olds who participated in 12 different studies using variants of the same spatial reasoning task. This data set was used to investigate whether and how sex difference is related to learning opportunities through training. The results showed that boys outperform girls in general, but this sex difference was influenced by training. When children received additional training, boys showed improved spatial reasoning ability compared to girls. But when children did not receive additional training, there was no sex difference. The type and amount of training did not influence the sex difference in this data set. These findings add to our understanding of how sex difference in spatial cognition emerges in early development.
本研究考察了空间推理中的性别差异，空间推理是日常活动所需的一种空间认知类型。一个汇总数据集由来自273名3至4岁儿童的数据组成，这些儿童参与了12项不同的研究，这些研究使用了相同空间推理任务的不同变体。该数据集用于调查性别差异是否以及如何通过训练与学习机会相关。结果表明，总体上男孩的表现优于女孩，但这种性别差异受到训练的影响。当儿童接受额外训练时，与女孩相比，男孩的空间推理能力有所提高。但当儿童没有接受额外训练时，不存在性别差异。训练的类型和数量并未影响该数据集中的性别差异。这些发现增进了我们对空间认知中的性别差异在早期发育中如何出现的理解。
