Christoforides Michael, Spanoudis George, Demetriou Andreas
Ministry of Education.
University of Cyprus.
Child Dev. 2016 Nov;87(6):1856-1876. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12557. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
This study trained children to master logical fallacies and examined how learning is related to processing efficiency and fluid intelligence (gf). A total of one hundred and eighty 8- and 11-year-old children living in Cyprus were allocated to a control, a limited (LI), and a full instruction (FI) group. The LI group learned the notion of logical contradiction and the logical structure of the schemes involved. The FI group learned, additionally, to recognize other deductive reasoning principles. Reasoning improved proportionally to training. Awareness improved equally in LI and FI. Changes in reasoning and awareness changes were related to attention control and gf. Awareness mediated the influence of training on reasoning but not vice versa, suggesting that awareness is necessary for conditional reasoning. Implications are discussed.
本研究训练儿童掌握逻辑谬误，并考察学习与加工效率及流体智力（gf）之间的关系。共有180名居住在塞浦路斯的8岁和11岁儿童被分配到对照组、有限指导（LI）组和全面指导（FI）组。LI组学习了逻辑矛盾的概念以及所涉及方案的逻辑结构。此外，FI组还学习了识别其他演绎推理原则。推理能力的提高与训练成正比。LI组和FI组的意识提高程度相同。推理能力的变化和意识的变化与注意力控制和gf相关。意识介导了训练对推理的影响，但反之则不然，这表明意识是条件推理所必需的。文中讨论了相关影响。
