Kaneto Hideaki, Obata Atsushi, Kimura Tomohiko, Shimoda Masashi, Okauchi Seizo, Shimo Naoki, Matsuoka Taka-Aki, Kaku Kohei
Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
J Diabetes. 2017 Mar;9(3):219-225. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12494. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in various insulin target tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are newly developed antidiabetic agents, decrease blood glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion and thereby function in an insulin-independent manner. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exert beneficial effects to reduce insulin resistance and preserve pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit a variety of beneficial effects in various insulin target tissues, such as amelioration of fatty liver, reduction of visceral fat mass, and increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors protect pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity and preserve insulin secretory capacity. Together, these observations indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors are promising newly developed antidiabetic agents that are gaining attention in both clinical medicine and basic research.
2型糖尿病的特征是在各种胰岛素靶组织（如肝脏、脂肪组织和骨骼肌）中存在胰岛素抵抗，以及胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素不足。钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂是新开发的抗糖尿病药物，通过增加尿糖排泄来降低血糖水平，从而以不依赖胰岛素的方式发挥作用。SGLT2抑制剂具有降低胰岛素抵抗和保护胰腺β细胞功能的有益作用。此外，SGLT2抑制剂在各种胰岛素靶组织中表现出多种有益作用，如改善脂肪肝、减少内脏脂肪量以及增加骨骼肌对葡萄糖的摄取。此外，SGLT2抑制剂可保护胰腺β细胞免受葡萄糖毒性并维持胰岛素分泌能力。总之，这些观察结果表明，SGLT2抑制剂是有前景的新开发抗糖尿病药物，在临床医学和基础研究中都受到了关注。
