Young Hayley A, Watkins Heather
Department of Psychology, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 20;6:35740. doi: 10.1038/srep35740.
Reducing the glycemic load (GL) of the diet may benefit appetite control but its utility is complicated by psychological influences on eating. Disinhibited behaviour, a risk factor for overconsumption, is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex activity, which in turn modulates vagal tone; a phenomenon associated with glucoregulation. This double blind randomised controlled trial explored for the first time the influence of disinhibited eating and vagal tone (heart rate variability (HRV)) on hunger and the postprandial response to GL. Blood glucose (BG) and hunger were measured 30 and 150 min after consumption of water, glucose or isomaltulose (low glycemic sugar). After consuming glucose, independently of BMI or habitual diet, those with the highest levels of disinhibition had higher BG levels after thirty minutes (B = 0.192, 95% CI LL. 086, UL 0.297), and lower BG after one hundred and fifty minutes (B = -0.240, 95% CI LL -0.348, UL -0.131). BG was related to hunger but only in low disinhibited eaters. Disinhibited eaters were characterised by a reduced HRV which was related to greater BG excursions (B = 0.407, 95% CI LL 0.044, UL 1.134). These findings highlight novel mechanisms by which disinhibited eating leads to obesity and insulin resistance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT02827318.
降低饮食的血糖负荷（GL）可能有助于控制食欲，但其效用因饮食的心理影响而变得复杂。去抑制行为是过度消费的一个风险因素，其特征是前额叶皮层活动减少，这反过来又调节迷走神经张力；这是一种与葡萄糖调节相关的现象。这项双盲随机对照试验首次探讨了去抑制性饮食和迷走神经张力（心率变异性（HRV））对饥饿感以及餐后对GL反应的影响。在饮用清水、葡萄糖或异麦芽酮糖醇（低血糖糖）后30分钟和150分钟测量血糖（BG）和饥饿感。食用葡萄糖后，与BMI或习惯饮食无关，去抑制水平最高的人在30分钟后血糖水平较高（B = 0.192，95%CI下限0.086，上限0.297），在150分钟后血糖较低（B = -0.240，95%CI下限-0.348，上限-0.131）。BG与饥饿感有关，但仅在低去抑制性饮食者中如此。去抑制性饮食者的特征是HRV降低，这与更大的BG波动有关（B = 0.407，95%CI下限0.044，上限1.134）。这些发现突出了去抑制性饮食导致肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的新机制。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT02827318。
