Kim Yoon Young, Tamadon Amin, Ku Seung-Yup
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, South Korea .
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2017 Apr;23(2):142-158. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2016.0156. Epub 2016 Nov 1.
In vitro culture of ovarian follicles is a promising bioengineering technique for preserving fecundity in reproductive-aged female by providing fertilizable oocytes. Successful clinical application should be preceded by developing the protocols that can efficiently overcome follicular cell apoptosis since the apoptosis is a critical phenomenon in in vivo folliculogenesis and in in vitro follicular maturation. Numerous prosurvival and antiapoptotic molecules, including follicular developmental regulators, have been reported to be involved in the intraovarian apoptosis. The authors searched literature and analyzed the current knowledge of these proteins and noncoding RNAs, and their antiapoptotic roles in the dynamics of follicular development in vivo and in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) culture method has widely been used, however, with recent emergence of various biomaterials, three-dimensional (3D) culture is also considered a proper environment for maintenance of solid structure of ovarian follicles. The identification of candidate paracrine and endocrine intracellular effectors that are responsible for the coordination occurring between oocyte, granulosa, and theca cells during follicular development was explored in this review, to assess the possibility of their use as antiapoptotic factors in establishing more efficacious 2D or 3D in vitro follicular microenvironment. The retrieved information will provide an inventory and the insight for defining more sophisticated culture conditions that are essential for functional artificial ovarian bioengineering.
卵巢卵泡的体外培养是一种很有前景的生物工程技术，可通过提供可受精的卵母细胞来保存育龄女性的生育能力。在成功应用于临床之前，应先制定能够有效克服卵泡细胞凋亡的方案，因为细胞凋亡是体内卵泡发生和体外卵泡成熟过程中的关键现象。据报道，许多促存活和抗凋亡分子，包括卵泡发育调节因子，都参与了卵巢内的细胞凋亡过程。作者检索了文献并分析了这些蛋白质和非编码RNA的现有知识，以及它们在体内和体外卵泡发育动态中的抗凋亡作用。二维（2D）培养方法已被广泛应用，然而，随着各种生物材料的出现，三维（3D）培养也被认为是维持卵巢卵泡实体结构的合适环境。本综述探讨了在卵泡发育过程中负责卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞之间协调作用的候选旁分泌和内分泌细胞内效应物的鉴定，以评估它们作为抗凋亡因子用于建立更有效的二维或三维体外卵泡微环境的可能性。检索到的信息将为定义功能人工卵巢生物工程所必需的更复杂培养条件提供清单和见解。
