Silva Anjana, Hodgson Wayne C, Isbister Geoffrey K
Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka.
Toxins (Basel). 2016 Oct 18;8(10):302. doi: 10.3390/toxins8100302.
There is limited information on the cross-neutralisation of neurotoxic venoms with antivenoms. Cross-neutralisation of the in vitro neurotoxicity of four Asian and four Australian snake venoms, four post-synaptic neurotoxins (α-bungarotoxin, α-elapitoxin-Nk2a, α-elapitoxin-Ppr1 and α-scutoxin; 100 nM) and one pre-synaptic neurotoxin (taipoxin; 100 nM) was studied with five antivenoms: Thai cobra antivenom (TCAV), death adder antivenom (DAAV), Thai neuro polyvalent antivenom (TNPAV), Indian Polyvalent antivenom (IPAV) and Australian polyvalent antivenom (APAV). The chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation was used for this study. Antivenom was added to the organ bath 20 min prior to venom. Pre- and post-synaptic neurotoxicity of and venoms was neutralised by all antivenoms except TCAV, which did not neutralise pre-synaptic activity. Post-synaptic neurotoxicity of was neutralised by all antivenoms, and by all antivenoms except IPAV. Pre- and post-synaptic neurotoxicity of was neutralised by all antivenoms, except TCAV, which only partially neutralised pre-synaptic activity. Pre- and post-synaptic neurotoxicity of was neutralised by TNPAV and APAV, but TCAV and IPAV only neutralised post-synaptic neurotoxicity. Post-synaptic neurotoxicity of was neutralised by all antivenoms except IPAV. post-synaptic neurotoxicity was only neutralised by APAV. The α-neurotoxins were neutralised by TNPAV and APAV, and taipoxin by all antivenoms except IPAV. Antivenoms raised against venoms with post-synaptic neurotoxic activity (TCAV) cross-neutralised the post-synaptic activity of multiple snake venoms. Antivenoms raised against pre- and post-synaptic neurotoxic venoms (TNPAV, IPAV, APAV) cross-neutralised both activities of Asian and Australian venoms. While acknowledging the limitations of adding antivenom prior to venom in an in vitro preparation, cross-neutralization of neurotoxicity means that antivenoms from one region may be effective in other regions which do not have effective antivenoms. TCAV only neutralized post-synaptic neurotoxicity and is potentially useful in distinguishing pre-synaptic and post-synaptic effects in the chick biventer cervicis preparation.
关于神经毒性毒液与抗蛇毒血清的交叉中和作用的信息有限。我们研究了用五种抗蛇毒血清对四种亚洲和四种澳大利亚蛇毒、四种突触后神经毒素（α-银环蛇毒素、α-海蛇毒素-Nk2a、α-海蛇毒素-Ppr1和α-盾尾蛇毒素；100 nM）以及一种突触前神经毒素（太攀蛇毒素；100 nM）的体外神经毒性进行交叉中和的情况。这五种抗蛇毒血清分别是：泰国眼镜蛇抗蛇毒血清（TCAV）、死亡蝰蛇抗蛇毒血清（DAAV）、泰国神经多价抗蛇毒血清（TNPAV）、印度多价抗蛇毒血清（IPAV）和澳大利亚多价抗蛇毒血清（APAV）。本研究采用鸡双腹直肌神经-肌肉标本。在加入毒液前20分钟将抗蛇毒血清加入器官浴槽。除TCAV外，所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和[未提及的两种蛇毒名称]毒液的突触前和突触后神经毒性，TCAV不能中和突触前活性。所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触后神经毒性，除IPAV外的所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触后神经毒性。除TCAV仅部分中和突触前活性外，所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触前和突触后神经毒性。TNPAV和APAV能中和[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触前和突触后神经毒性，但TCAV和IPAV仅能中和突触后神经毒性。除IPAV外，所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触后神经毒性。[未提及的一种蛇毒名称]的突触后神经毒性仅被APAV中和。TNPAV和APAV能中和α-神经毒素，除IPAV外的所有抗蛇毒血清均能中和太攀蛇毒素。针对具有突触后神经毒性活性的毒液制备的抗蛇毒血清（TCAV）能交叉中和多种蛇毒的突触后活性。针对突触前和突触后神经毒性毒液制备的抗蛇毒血清（TNPAV、IPAV、APAV）能交叉中和亚洲和澳大利亚毒液的两种活性。虽然认识到在体外实验中在加入毒液之前添加抗蛇毒血清存在局限性，但神经毒性的交叉中和意味着来自一个地区的抗蛇毒血清可能对其他没有有效抗蛇毒血清的地区有效。TCAV仅能中和突触后神经毒性，在区分鸡双腹直肌标本中的突触前和突触后效应方面可能有用。
