Liu Qingsong, Hallerman Eric, Peng Yufa, Li Yunhe
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Oct 18;17(10):1561. doi: 10.3390/ijms17101561.
Rice and maize are important cereal crops that serve as staple foods, feed, and industrial material in China. Multiple factors constrain the production of both crops, among which insect pests are an important one. Lepidopteran pests cause enormous yield losses for the crops annually. In order to control these pests, China plays an active role in development and application of genetic engineering (GE) to crops, and dozens of GE rice and GE maize lines expressing insecticidal proteins from the soil bacterium () have been developed. Many lines have entered environmental release, field testing, and preproduction testing, and laboratory and field experiments have shown that most of the rice and maize lines developed in China exhibited effective control of major target lepidopteran pests on rice (, , and ) and maize (), demonstrating bright prospects for application. However, none of these lines has yet been commercially planted through this writing in 2016. Challenges and perspectives for development and application of rice and maize in China are discussed. This article provides a general context for colleagues to learn about research and development of crops in China, and may shed light on future work in this field.
水稻和玉米是中国重要的谷类作物，用作主食、饲料和工业原料。多种因素制约着这两种作物的生产，其中害虫是一个重要因素。鳞翅目害虫每年给这些作物造成巨大的产量损失。为了防治这些害虫，中国在作物基因工程（GE）的研发和应用方面发挥了积极作用，已培育出数十种表达土壤细菌（苏云金芽孢杆菌）杀虫蛋白的转基因水稻和转基因玉米品系。许多品系已进入环境释放、田间试验和生产前测试阶段，实验室和田间试验表明，中国培育的大多数转基因水稻和转基因玉米品系对水稻（二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟）和玉米（亚洲玉米螟）的主要靶标鳞翅目害虫具有有效的防治效果，展现出良好的应用前景。然而，截至2016年撰写本文时，这些品系均未进行商业化种植。本文讨论了中国转基因水稻和玉米研发与应用面临的挑战及前景。本文为同行了解中国转基因作物的研究与开发提供了总体背景，可能为该领域未来的工作提供启示。
