Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2016 Oct 20;26:16071. doi: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.71.
As cannabis use increases, physicians need to be familiar with the effects of both cannabis and tobacco on the lungs. However, there have been very few long-term studies of cannabis smoking, mostly due to legality issues and the confounding effects of tobacco. It was previously thought that cannabis and tobacco had similar long-term effects as both cause chronic bronchitis. However, recent large studies have shown that, instead of reducing forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FVC), marijuana smoking is associated with increased FVC. The cause of this is unclear, but acute bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis may be relevant. Bullous lung disease, barotrauma and cannabis smoking have been recognised in case reports and small series. More work is needed to address the effects of cannabis on lung function, imaging and histological changes.
随着大麻使用的增加，医生需要熟悉大麻和烟草对肺部的影响。然而，由于合法性问题和烟草的混杂影响，长期吸食大麻的研究非常少。以前人们认为大麻和烟草有类似的长期影响，因为两者都会导致慢性支气管炎。然而，最近的大型研究表明，大麻吸烟不会像慢性阻塞性肺疾病那样导致 1 秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量降低，反而与用力肺活量增加有关。其原因尚不清楚，但大麻的急性支气管扩张和抗炎作用可能与之相关。大疱性肺疾病、气压伤和大麻吸烟在病例报告和小系列中已经得到了认识。需要做更多的工作来解决大麻对肺功能、影像学和组织学变化的影响。
