Semple John L, Moore G W Kent, Koutrakis Petros, Wolfson Jack M, Cristofanelli Paolo, Bonasoni Paolo
1 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .
2 Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .
High Alt Med Biol. 2016 Dec;17(4):365-369. doi: 10.1089/ham.2016.0042. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
Semple, John L., G.W. Kent Moore, Petros Koutrakis, Jack M. Wolfson, Paolo Cristofanelli, and Paolo Bonasoni. High concentrations of ozone air pollution on Mount Everest: health implications for Sherpa communities and mountaineers. High Alt Med Biol. 17:365-369, 2016.-Introduction: Populations in remote mountain regions are increasingly vulnerable to multiple climate mechanisms that influence levels of air pollution. Few studies have reported on climate-sensitive health outcomes unique to high altitude ecosystems. In this study, we report on the discovery of high-surface ozone concentrations and the potential impact on health outcomes on Mount Everest and the high Himalaya.
Surface ozone measurements were collected during ascending transects in the Mount Everest region of Nepal with passive nitrite-coated Ogawa filter samplers to obtain 8-hour personal exposures (2860-5364 m asl). In addition, the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid, a GAW-WMO Global Station sited in the Khumbu Valley (5079 m asl), collected ozone mixing ratios with photometric gas analyzer.
Surface ozone measurements increased with altitude with concentrations that exceed 100 ppb (8-hour exposure). Highest values were during the spring season and the result of diverse contributions: hemispheric background values, the descent of ozone-rich stratospheric air, and the transport of tropospheric pollutants occurring at different spatial scales.
Multiple climate factors, including descending stratospheric ozone and imported anthropogenic air masses from the Indo-Gangetic Plain, contribute to ambient ozone exposure levels in the vicinity of Mount Everest that are similar to if not higher than those reported in industrialized cities.
约翰·L·森普尔、G·W·肯特·摩尔、彼得罗斯·库特拉基斯、杰克·M·沃尔夫森、保罗·克里斯托法内利和保罗·博纳索尼。珠穆朗玛峰上高浓度的臭氧空气污染：对夏尔巴社区和登山者健康的影响。《高海拔医学与生物学》。2016年第17卷：365 - 369页。——引言：偏远山区的人群越来越容易受到多种影响空气污染水平的气候机制的影响。很少有研究报道高海拔生态系统特有的对气候敏感的健康结果。在本研究中，我们报告了在珠穆朗玛峰和高喜马拉雅地区发现的高地表臭氧浓度及其对健康结果的潜在影响。
在尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰地区的上升断面期间，使用被动式涂有亚硝酸盐的小川滤膜采样器收集地表臭氧测量数据，以获取8小时个人暴露量（海拔2860 - 5364米）。此外，位于昆布山谷（海拔5079米）的全球大气观测网 - 世界气象组织全球站尼泊尔气候观测站 - 金字塔，使用光度气体分析仪收集臭氧混合比。
地表臭氧测量值随海拔升高而增加，浓度超过100 ppb（8小时暴露量）。最高值出现在春季，其结果是多种因素共同作用的结果：半球背景值、富含臭氧的平流层空气下沉以及不同空间尺度上对流层污染物的传输。
多种气候因素，包括平流层臭氧下降和来自印度 - 恒河平原的人为气团输入，导致珠穆朗玛峰附近的环境臭氧暴露水平与工业化城市报告的水平相当甚至更高。
