Watts Elizabeth, Hossfeld Uwe, Tolstikova Irina, Levit Georgy S
Working Group Biology Education, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Steiger 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, ITMO University, 49, Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
Theory Biosci. 2017 Jun;136(1-2):31-48. doi: 10.1007/s12064-016-0238-6. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
This paper provides a detailed look at how creationism originated in the United States and then explores how this evangelical trend was exported to Russia by American missionaries following the fall of the USSR. The comparison between these two countries is particularly interesting since the rivalry between the US and the USSR during the race to space caused both countries to revamp their science education. Yet, while political interests led both governments to focus on science education, creationist activities were simultaneously focused on diminishing the coverage of evolution in science classrooms. Now, decades following Sputnik's trip to space, the urgency to strengthen scientific learning has waned, while creationists are still equally focused on removing scientific naturalism in favor of supernatural explanations for the origin of species. This paper thus offers an in-depth look at which groups are currently responsible for promoting creationist activities in the US and in Russia and which groups are working hard to keep supernatural doctrines out of science curriculum.
本文详细探讨了神创论在美国的起源，接着探究了苏联解体后美国传教士是如何将这种福音派思潮传播到俄罗斯的。美俄两国的对比尤其有趣，因为美苏在太空竞赛期间的竞争促使两国都对科学教育进行了改革。然而，尽管政治利益促使两国政府都重视科学教育，但神创论活动却同时致力于减少科学课堂上对进化论的讲授。如今，在人造卫星升空几十年后，加强科学学习的紧迫性已经减弱，而神创论者仍然同样专注于摒弃科学自然主义，转而支持用超自然解释来阐释物种起源。因此，本文深入研究了目前在美国和俄罗斯推动神创论活动的是哪些群体，以及哪些群体在努力使超自然教义不被纳入科学课程。
