Combined effect of magnesia and zirconia on the bioactivity of calcium silicate ceramics at C\S ratio less than unity.

This paper describes the effect of magnesia in the presence of zirconia on the bioactivity, microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of calcium silicate composition adjusted at calcia/silica ratio(C/S) of 0.5. A mixture from calcium carbonate and silica was conducted at C/S of 0.5. 20wt.% of magnesia and 5-25wt.% of ZrO were added. Each mixture was mixed with ethanol in a planetary ball mill, dried, formed and fired at a temperature of 1325±5°C. Phase composition, FE-SEM, and physico-mechanical properties of the fired specimens were determined and explained. The in vitro bioactivities of these specimens were investigated by analysis of their abilities to form apatite in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for a short time (7days) using SEM-EDS. The findings indicated that the surface of the specimens containing 5 and 15wt.% ZrO were completely covered by single and multilayered hydroxyapatite (HA) precipitate typical to "cauliflower" morphology, respectively. The surface of the specimen containing 25wt.% ZrO did not cover, but there are some scattered HA precipitate. The differences among the results were rationalized based on the phase composition. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the specimens of highly promised bioactivity were 2.32-2.57GPa and 1.80-1.50MPa. m, respectively. The properties of these specimens are similar to the properties of human cortical bone. Consequently, these composites might be used as bone implant materials.