Scovazzi T
Dipartimento giuridico delle istituzioni nazionali ed europee, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Adv Mar Biol. 2016;75:387-416. doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Aug 26.
The paper reviews the international treaties that are today applicable for the protection of marine mammals in the Mediterranean Sea. They include instruments applicable at the world or the regional level. Emphasis is put on the International Whaling Commission, which is today affected by a confrontation between the two opposing groups of nonwhaling and whaling parties, the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) and its implementation through the resolutions adopted by the Meeting of the Parties, as well as the subregional Agreement between France, Italy and Monaco for the establishment of a sanctuary for the protection of marine mammals (Pelagos Sanctuary). While several treaty provisions are in place to ensure the protection of marine mammals in the Mediterranean, specific mandatory provisions are still lacking for certain subjects, such as underwater noise, collisions with ships, by catch in fishing gear and ingestion of plastic litter.
本文回顾了目前适用于保护地中海海洋哺乳动物的国际条约。这些条约包括适用于全球或区域层面的文书。重点介绍了国际捕鲸委员会，该委员会目前受到非捕鲸方和捕鲸方这两个对立团体之间对抗的影响，《保护黑海、地中海和毗连大西洋海域鲸类协定》（ACCOBAMS）以及通过缔约方会议通过的决议对其进行的实施，还有法国、意大利和摩纳哥之间为建立海洋哺乳动物保护区（佩拉戈斯保护区）而达成的次区域协定。虽然已有若干条约条款确保地中海海洋哺乳动物的保护，但在某些问题上仍缺乏具体的强制性规定，如水下噪音、与船只碰撞、渔具误捕和塑料垃圾摄入等问题。
