Heredia Díaz Oscar, Aldaba Meza José Luis, Baltazar Baltazar M, Bojórquez Bojórquez Germán, Castro Espinoza Luciano, Corrales Madrid José Luis, de la Fuente Martínez Juan Manuel, Durán Pompa Héctor Abel, Alonso Escobedo José, Espinoza Banda Armando, Garzón Tiznado José Antonio, González García Juvencio, Guzmán Rodríguez José Luis, Madueño Martínez Jesús Ignacio, Martínez Carrillo José Luis, Meng Chen, Quiñones Pando Francisco Javier, Rosales Robles Enrique, Ruiz Hernández Ignacio, Treviño Ramírez José Elías, Uribe Montes Hugo Raúl, Zavala García Francisco
Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA.
Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Km. 2.5 Carr. Delicias-Rosales, Cd. Delicias, C.P. 33000, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Transgenic Res. 2017 Feb;26(1):135-151. doi: 10.1007/s11248-016-9991-z. Epub 2016 Oct 22.
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops is a process to evaluate whether the biotechnology trait(s) in a GM crop may result in increased pest potential or harm to the environment. In this analysis, two GM insect-resistant (IR) herbicide-tolerant maize hybrids (MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and one herbicide-tolerant GM hybrid (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) were compared with conventional maize hybrids of similar genetic backgrounds. Two sets of studies, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted across five ecological regions (ecoregions) in Mexico during 2009-2013, and data were subject to meta-analysis. Results from the Experimental Phase studies, which were used for ERA, indicated that the three GM hybrids were not different from conventional maize for early stand count, days-to-silking, days-to-anthesis, root lodging, stalk lodging, or final stand count. Statistically significant differences were observed for seedling vigor, ear height, plant height, grain moisture, and grain yield, particularly in the IR hybrids; however, none of these phenotypic differences are expected to contribute to a biological or ecological change that would result in an increased pest potential or ecological risk when cultivating these GM hybrids. Overall, results from the Experimental Phase studies are consistent with those from other world regions, confirming that there are no additional risks compared to conventional maize. Results from Pilot Phase studies indicated that, compared to conventional maize hybrids, no differences were detected for the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics measured on the three GM maize hybrids, with the exception of grain moisture and grain yield in the IR hybrids. Since MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 confer resistance to target insect pests, they are an alternative for farmers in Mexico to protect the crop from insect damage. Additionally, the herbicide tolerance conferred by all three GM hybrids enables more cost-effective weed management.
转基因作物的环境风险评估（ERA）是一个评估转基因作物中的生物技术性状是否可能导致害虫滋生潜力增加或对环境造成危害的过程。在此分析中，将两种抗虫（IR）耐除草剂转基因玉米杂交种（MON-89034-3×MON-88017-3和MON-89034-3×MON-00603-6）以及一种耐除草剂转基因杂交种（MON-00603-6）与具有相似遗传背景的常规玉米杂交种进行了比较。在2009年至2013年期间，在墨西哥的五个生态区域（生态区）开展了两组研究，即实验阶段和试点阶段，并对数据进行了荟萃分析。用于ERA的实验阶段研究结果表明，这三种转基因杂交种在早期苗数、抽丝天数、开花天数、根倒伏、茎倒伏或最终苗数方面与常规玉米没有差异。在幼苗活力、穗位高、株高、籽粒含水量和籽粒产量方面观察到了统计学上的显著差异，尤其是在抗虫杂交种中；然而，预计这些表型差异均不会导致生物学或生态变化，从而在种植这些转基因杂交种时增加害虫滋生潜力或生态风险。总体而言，实验阶段研究结果与世界其他地区的结果一致，证实与常规玉米相比不存在额外风险。试点阶段研究结果表明，与常规玉米杂交种相比，在这三种转基因玉米杂交种上测得的农艺和表型特征没有差异，但抗虫杂交种的籽粒含水量和籽粒产量除外。由于MON-89034-3×MON-88017-3和MON-89034-3×MON-00603-6对目标害虫具有抗性，它们是墨西哥农民保护作物免受虫害的一种选择。此外，所有三种转基因杂交种所具有的耐除草剂特性能够实现更具成本效益的杂草管理。
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