Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Spain; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Spain.
Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2017 Jan 15;322(Pt B):437-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.035. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
Magnetic microparticles (MPs) have been recently proposed as a new and promising tool for restoring eutrophicated waters. In this study, we analyzed the acute (immobilization) and chronic effects of iron (Fe) MPs on Daphnia magna and on the benthic macroinvertebrate Chironomus sp. In the chronic toxicity tests the offspring production (male and female) in D. magna and the mortality of larvae and pupae, and adult emergence in Chironomus sp. experiments were used as the endpoints. The concentration of MPs that caused 50% of immobilized individuals (EC) in the acute toxicity test was much higher in D. magna (0.913g MPs l) than in Chironomus sp. (0.445g MPs l). The results of chronic toxicity tests in D. magna showed that in presence of dissolved Fe (dFe), parthenogenetic reproduction was significantly affected, while no significant effect on mortality of larvae and pupae and on adult emergence was detected in Chironomus sp. test. Taking into account both that long-term exposure is not likely to occur and the regular dose of MPs potentially used in a restoration plan, we conclude that MPs is a riskless (no toxic effect on planktonic and benthic organisms) and efficient (high P adsorption capacity) tool for lake restoration.
磁性微粒（MPs）最近被提议作为一种恢复富营养化水体的新的、有前途的工具。在本研究中，我们分析了铁（Fe）MPs 对大型溞（Daphnia magna）和底栖大型无脊椎动物摇蚊（Chironomus sp.）的急性（固定化）和慢性影响。在慢性毒性试验中，大型溞的后代产量（雄性和雌性）和摇蚊幼虫、蛹和成虫的死亡率被用作终点。在急性毒性试验中，引起 50%个体固定化的 MPs 浓度（EC）在大型溞中（0.913g MPs l）明显高于摇蚊（0.445g MPs l）。在大型溞慢性毒性试验的结果表明，在溶解铁（dFe）存在的情况下，孤雌生殖受到显著影响，而在摇蚊试验中，幼虫、蛹和成虫的死亡率以及成虫的出现没有检测到显著影响。考虑到长期暴露不太可能发生，以及恢复计划中可能使用的 MPs 的常规剂量，我们得出结论， MPs 是一种无风险（对浮游生物和底栖生物没有毒性影响）和高效（高磷吸附能力）的湖泊修复工具。
