Geslin Benoît, Le Féon Violette, Folschweiller Morgane, Flacher Floriane, Carmignac David, Motard Eric, Perret Samuel, Dajoz Isabelle
CNRS, IRD Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Université Avignon Université Pôle St Jérôme av. Escadrille N. Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France; CNRS, UMR 7618 iEES-Paris F-75005 Paris France.
INRA, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement INRA Site Agroparc F-84914 Avignon Cedex 9 France.
Ecol Evol. 2016 Aug 25;6(18):6599-6615. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2374. eCollection 2016 Sep.
Given the predicted expansion of cities throughout the world, understanding the effect of urbanization on bee fauna is a major issue for the conservation of bees. The aim of this study was to understand how urbanization affects wild bee assemblages along a gradient of impervious surfaces and to determine the influence of landscape composition and floral resource availability on these assemblages. We chose 12 sites with a proportion of impervious surfaces (soil covered by parking, roads, and buildings) ranging from 0.06% to 64.31% within a 500 m radius. We collected using pan trapping and estimated the landscape composition of the sites within a 500 m radius and the species richness of plant assemblages within a 200 m radius. We collected 1104 bees from 74 species. The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale had a negative effect on wild bee abundance and species richness, whereas local flower composition had no effect. Ground-nesting bees were particularly sensitive to the urbanization gradient. This study provides new evidences of the impact of urbanization on bee assemblages and the proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale emerged as a key factor that drives those assemblages.
鉴于全球城市预计将不断扩张，了解城市化对蜜蜂群落的影响是蜜蜂保护的一个重大问题。本研究的目的是了解城市化如何沿着不透水表面梯度影响野生蜜蜂群落，并确定景观组成和花卉资源可用性对这些群落的影响。我们选择了12个地点，其半径500米范围内不透水表面（被停车场、道路和建筑物覆盖的土壤）的比例在0.06%至64.31%之间。我们采用陷板诱捕法进行采集，并估算了半径500米范围内各地点的景观组成以及半径200米范围内植物群落的物种丰富度。我们共采集到来自74个物种的1104只蜜蜂。景观尺度上不透水表面的比例对野生蜜蜂的数量和物种丰富度有负面影响，而当地花卉组成则没有影响。地栖蜜蜂对城市化梯度尤为敏感。本研究提供了城市化对蜜蜂群落影响的新证据，并且景观尺度上不透水表面的比例成为驱动这些群落的关键因素。
