Beemelmanns Anne, Roth Olivia
Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes Düsternbrooker Weg 20 24105 Kiel Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2016 Aug 31;6(18):6735-6757. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2391. eCollection 2016 Sep.
The transfer of acquired and specific immunity against previously encountered bacteria from mothers to offspring boosts the immune response of the next generation and supports the development of a successful pathogen defense. While most studies claim that the transfer of immunity is a maternal trait, in the sex-role-reversed pipefish fathers nurse the embryos over a placenta-like structure, which opens the door for additional paternal immune priming. We examined the potential and persistence of bacteria-type-specific parental immune priming in the pipefish over maturation time using a fully reciprocal design with two different bacteria species ( spp. and ). Our results suggest that is able to specifically prime the next generation against prevalent local bacteria and to a limited extent even also against newly introduced bacteria species. Long-term protection was thereby maintained only against prevailing bacteria. Maternal and paternal transgenerational immune priming can complement each other, as they affect different pathways of the offspring immune system and come with distinct degree of specificity. The differential regulation of DNA-methylation genes upon parental bacteria exposure in premature pipefish offspring indicates that epigenetic regulation processes are involved in transferring immune-related information across generations. The identified trade-offs between immune priming and reproduction determine TGIP as a costly trait, which might constrain the evolution of long-lasting TGIP, if parental and offspring generations do not share the same parasite assembly.
针对先前接触过的细菌所获得的特异性免疫从母亲传递给后代，可增强下一代的免疫反应，并有助于建立成功的病原体防御机制。虽然大多数研究认为免疫传递是一种母性特征，但在性别角色颠倒的尖嘴鱼中，雄性通过类似胎盘的结构来哺育胚胎，这为父本的额外免疫启动打开了大门。我们采用完全互交设计，使用两种不同的细菌物种（ spp.和 ），研究了尖嘴鱼在成熟过程中细菌类型特异性亲代免疫启动的潜力和持续性。我们的结果表明， 能够特异性地使下一代对当地流行的细菌产生免疫，甚至在一定程度上也能对新引入的细菌物种产生免疫。然而，长期保护仅针对占主导地位的 细菌得以维持。母本和父本的跨代免疫启动可以相互补充，因为它们影响后代免疫系统的不同途径，且具有不同程度的特异性。在早产尖嘴鱼后代中，亲代接触细菌后DNA甲基化基因的差异调节表明，表观遗传调控过程参与了跨代传递免疫相关信息。在免疫启动和繁殖之间确定的权衡表明跨代免疫启动是一种代价高昂的特征，如果亲代和子代世代没有相同的寄生虫组合，这可能会限制持久的跨代免疫启动的进化。
