Netea Mihai G, Joosten Leo A B, Latz Eicke, Mills Kingston H G, Natoli Gioacchino, Stunnenberg Hendrik G, O'Neill Luke A J, Xavier Ramnik J
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Institute of Innate Immunity, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):aaf1098. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1098. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
The general view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has recently been challenged. In organisms lacking adaptive immunity, as well as in mammals, the innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory." Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic reprogramming, broadly defined as sustained changes in gene expression and cell physiology that do not involve permanent genetic changes such as mutations and recombination, which are essential for adaptive immunity. The discovery of trained immunity may open the door for novel vaccine approaches, new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune deficiency states, and modulation of exaggerated inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases.
只有适应性免疫能够建立免疫记忆这一普遍观点最近受到了挑战。在缺乏适应性免疫的生物体以及哺乳动物中，先天免疫系统能够对再次感染产生抵抗力，这一现象被称为“训练免疫”或“先天免疫记忆”。训练免疫是由表观遗传重编程精心调控的，表观遗传重编程广义上被定义为基因表达和细胞生理学的持续变化，这些变化不涉及诸如突变和重组等对适应性免疫至关重要的永久性基因改变。训练免疫的发现可能为新型疫苗方法、治疗免疫缺陷状态的新治疗策略以及调节自身炎症性疾病中过度炎症反应打开大门。
