Torriente Anna, Tadion Alexander, Hsu Lee-Nah
Senior Legal Officer, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Junior Legal Officer, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Health Hum Rights. 2016 Jun;18(1):157-168.
Prisons and other closed settings are high-risk environments for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Prisoners often experience overcrowded living conditions and violence-including sexual assault-increasing their vulnerability to HIV and TB. However, high infection rates in prisons affect both prisoners and prison employees. Both groups, in interacting with their families and their communities, represent a potential risk of HIV transmission outside the prison setting. National HIV and TB strategies should therefore include measures to prevent transmission and increase access to HIV-related services in prisons. Courts have progressively recognized the human rights of prisoners, including the right to health and access to HIV-related services. A number of national and regional court decisions have affirmed that prison authorities have a duty of care to prisoners and an obligation to ensure that prisoners have access to HIV prevention measures and treatment. Policies and programs on HIV, AIDS, and TB for prison workplaces that are aligned with the ILO's international labor standards can benefit both prisoners and prison employees. In particular, the ILO's HIV and AIDS Recommendation, 2010 (No. 200) affirms the principle of universal access to HIV services and provides guidance for the HIV/TB response in prison settings.
监狱及其他封闭场所是艾滋病毒和结核病传播的高风险环境。囚犯常常面临过度拥挤的生活条件以及包括性侵犯在内的暴力行为，这增加了他们感染艾滋病毒和结核病的易感性。然而，监狱中的高感染率对囚犯和监狱工作人员都会产生影响。这两类人群在与家人及社区互动时，都构成了监狱环境之外艾滋病毒传播的潜在风险。因此，国家艾滋病毒和结核病防治战略应包括预防传播的措施，并增加监狱中艾滋病毒相关服务的可及性。法院已逐步认可囚犯的人权，包括健康权以及获得艾滋病毒相关服务的权利。一些国家和地区的法院判决已确认，监狱当局对囚犯负有照护责任，并有义务确保囚犯能够获得艾滋病毒预防措施和治疗。符合国际劳工组织国际劳工标准的针对监狱工作场所的艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病政策及方案，对囚犯和监狱工作人员都有益处。特别是，国际劳工组织《2010年艾滋病毒和艾滋病建议书》（第200号）确认了普遍获得艾滋病毒服务的原则，并为监狱环境中的艾滋病毒/结核病应对工作提供了指导。
