Sander Gen, Lines Rick
Human Rights Analyst at Harm Reduction International, London, United Kingdom.
Executive Director of Harm Reduction International, London, United Kingdom.
Health Hum Rights. 2016 Dec;18(2):171-182.
HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and TB in prisons and other places of detention are serious public health concerns, with prevalence and incidence considerably higher than in the general community because of the overrepresentation of risky behavior, substandard conditions, overcrowding, people who inject drugs, and the wholly inadequate prevention, care, and treatment of these conditions, including the denial of harm reduction services. This is not only a severe public health crisis but also a serious human rights concern. This article works to clarify the standards established by human rights law with regards to HIV, HCV, TB, and harm reduction in prisons by examining international and regional case law, minimum standards on the treatment of prisoners and public health, as well as the work of UN treaty bodies, Special Rapporteurs, and prison monitoring bodies. It is imperative that urgent steps are taken to close the gap between human rights and public health standards on the one hand, and effective implementation in prison settings on the other.
监狱及其他拘留场所中的艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和结核病是严重的公共卫生问题，由于危险行为的比例过高、条件不达标准、过度拥挤、注射吸毒人员以及对这些疾病的预防、护理和治疗完全不足，包括拒绝提供减少伤害服务，其流行率和发病率大大高于普通社区。这不仅是一场严重的公共卫生危机，也是一个严重的人权问题。本文通过审视国际和区域判例法、囚犯待遇和公共卫生的最低标准，以及联合国条约机构、特别报告员和监狱监督机构的工作，致力于阐明人权法在监狱中有关艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、结核病和减少伤害方面所确立的标准。当务之急是一方面要采取紧急措施缩小人权和公共卫生标准之间的差距，另一方面要在监狱环境中切实予以执行。
