Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas, Esmaeili Seyed-Alireza, Abdollahi Elham, Sahebkar Amirhossein
Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(11):1616-1622. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666161021142835.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a sweet and nutrient-rich plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Stevia leaves contain steviol glycosides including stevioside, rebaudioside (A to F), steviolbioside, and isosteviol, which are responsible for the plant's sweet taste, and have commercial value all over the world as a sugar substitute in foods, beverages and medicines. Among the various steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C are the major metabolites and these compounds are on average 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose. Steviol is the final product of Stevia metabolism. The metabolized components essentially leave the body and there is no accumulation. Beyond their value as sweeteners, Stevia and its glycosdies possess therapeutic effects against several diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation, cystic fibrosis, obesity and tooth decay. Studies have shown that steviol glycosides found in Stevia are not teratogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic and cause no acute and subacute toxicity. The present review provides a summary on the biological and pharmacological properties of steviol glycosides that might be relevant for the treatment of human diseases.
甜叶菊是一种属于菊科的味甜且营养丰富的植物。甜叶菊叶子含有甜菊糖苷，包括甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷（A至F）、甜菊双糖苷和异甜菊醇，这些物质赋予了植物甜味，并且作为食品、饮料和药品中的糖替代品在全球具有商业价值。在各种甜菊糖苷中，甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷A和莱鲍迪苷C是主要代谢产物，这些化合物的甜度平均比蔗糖高250 - 300倍。甜菊醇是甜叶菊代谢的最终产物。代谢成分基本上会排出体外，不会积累。除了作为甜味剂的价值外，甜叶菊及其糖苷对多种疾病具有治疗作用，如癌症、糖尿病、高血压、炎症、囊性纤维化、肥胖症和龋齿。研究表明，甜叶菊中发现的甜菊糖苷没有致畸性、致突变性或致癌性，也不会引起急性和亚急性毒性。本综述总结了甜菊糖苷可能与人类疾病治疗相关的生物学和药理学特性。
