Serebrennikov Dmitry, Clementyev Evgeny, Semenov Alexander, Snigirev Anatoly
I. Kant Baltic Federal University, Nevskogo 14 A, Kaliningrad 236041, Russian Federation.
A. A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials, Rogova str. 5a, Moscow 123098, Russian Federation.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2016 Nov 1;23(Pt 6):1315-1322. doi: 10.1107/S1600577516014508. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
A quantitative analysis of the crucial characteristics of currently used and promising materials for X-ray refractive optics is performed in the extended energy range 8-100 keV. According to the examined parameters, beryllium is the material of choice for X-ray compound refractive lenses (CRLs) in the energy range 8-25 keV. At higher energies the use of CRLs made of diamond and the cubic phase of boron nitride (c-BN) is beneficial. It was demonstrated that the presence of the elements of the fourth (or higher) period has a fatal effect on the functional X-ray properties even if low-Z elements dominate in the compound, like in YB. Macroscopic properties are discussed: much higher melting points and thermal conductivities of C and c-BN enable them to be used at the new generation of synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers. The role of crystal and internal structure is discussed: materials with high density are preferable for refractive applications while less dense phases are suitable for X-ray windows. Single-crystal or amorphous glass-like materials based on Li, Be, B or C that are free of diffuse scattering from grain boundaries, voids and inclusions are the best candidates for applications of highly coherent X-ray beams.
在8 - 100 keV的扩展能量范围内，对当前使用的和有前景的X射线折射光学材料的关键特性进行了定量分析。根据所研究的参数，铍是8 - 25 keV能量范围内X射线复合折射透镜（CRL）的首选材料。在更高能量下，使用由金刚石和立方相氮化硼（c-BN）制成的CRL是有益的。结果表明，即使化合物中低Z元素占主导地位，如YB中那样，第四（或更高）周期元素的存在对功能性X射线特性也有致命影响。讨论了宏观性质：C和c-BN高得多的熔点和热导率使其能够在新一代同步辐射源和X射线自由电子激光器中使用。讨论了晶体和内部结构的作用：高密度材料更适合用于折射应用，而密度较小的相适用于X射线窗口。基于Li、Be、B或C的无晶界、空隙和夹杂物的漫散射的单晶或非晶玻璃状材料是高相干X射线束应用的最佳候选材料。
