Peters H F, Hulstijn W, Starkweather C W
University Hospital, Sint Radboud, The Netherlands.
J Speech Hear Res. 1989 Sep;32(3):668-80. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3203.668.
This study investigates reaction times in the fluent speech utterances of stutterers and nonstutterers under several experimental conditions. Twenty adult stutterers and twenty matched controls produced utterances of three lengths--one syllable words, polysyllabic words, and sentences--in two conditions of time pressure (high and low) and two conditions of preparation (delayed and immediate responding) in a reaction-time paradigm. Recordings were made of EMG signals from the orbicularis oris inferior and from the extrinsic laryngeal area, as well as electroglottographic and acoustic signals. Measures were made of the duration of intervals between the stimulus, the acoustical onset of voicing, the onset of laryngeal EMG activity, and the onset of lip EMG activity. The durations of subintervals between the stimulus, the three physiological signals, and the acoustic signal were also measured. The results suggest that the reaction times of stutterers and nonstutterers are both increased by longer utterances, and that the effect is proportionally greater for the stutterers. The requirement to respond with minimal preparation produced longer reaction times in both groups, particularly for longer utterances, but this finding was stronger for stutterers than for nonstutterers, particularly in the prelaryngeal subintervals. The high time-pressure condition produced an unusual pattern of responding in many subjects. The analysis of subintervals indicated that the additional time taken by stutterers in responding was located in the earlier parts of the response, particularly when the utterances were longer. The results are interpreted as suggesting that stutterers may have difficulty in the motor programming of speech behavior.
本研究调查了口吃者和非口吃者在几种实验条件下流畅言语发声时的反应时间。20名成年口吃者和20名匹配的对照组在反应时间范式下，在两种时间压力条件（高和低）和两种准备条件（延迟和即时反应）下，说出三种长度的话语——单音节词、多音节词和句子。记录了来自下唇轮匝肌和喉部外部区域的肌电图信号，以及电声门图和声学信号。测量了刺激、发声的声学起始、喉部肌电图活动的起始和唇部肌电图活动的起始之间的间隔持续时间。还测量了刺激、三种生理信号和声学信号之间子间隔的持续时间。结果表明，较长的话语会增加口吃者和非口吃者的反应时间，且对口吃者的影响更大。在两组中，最少准备情况下的反应会产生更长的反应时间，尤其是对于较长的话语，但这一发现对口吃者的影响比对非口吃者更强，特别是在喉部前子间隔中。高时间压力条件在许多受试者中产生了一种不寻常的反应模式。子间隔分析表明，口吃者在反应中额外花费的时间位于反应的早期部分，尤其是当话语较长时。结果被解释为表明口吃者在言语行为的运动编程方面可能存在困难。
