Bosshardt H G, Sappok C, Knipschild M, Hölscher C
Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
J Psycholinguist Res. 1997 Jul;26(4):425-48. doi: 10.1023/a:1025030120016.
Speech can be described either in terms of acoustics, as a perceptual outcome, or as a motor event. Central to theories of speech perception and production is an attempt to describe how these aspects of speech are interrelated. The present experiment investigated how the nonstutterers' and stutterers' reproductions of acoustically presented interrogative sentences were influenced by experimental variations of intonation (sentence initial vs. sentence final) and speech rate (normal vs. time compressed). We studied the effects of these stimulus manipulations on the speech rate and fundamental frequency (F0) of 10 adult German-speaking nonstutterers and seven stutterers. Experimental manipulations of intonation and speech rate significantly influenced the syllable duration and speech rate of both normal speakers and stutterers. The fundamental frequency of the subjects' responses were also significantly influenced by the intonation of the stimulus. But the stutterers' increase in F0 for stressed syllables was generally less pronounced than that of nonstutterers. These results imply that (a) the subject not only extract linguistic meaning from intonation but that they also store extragrammatical speech rate information, and (b) the speakers adopt these speech rate variations for their own productions. Generally, these results demonstrate that speech perception is not limited to extracting linguistically invariant information. The results show that speakers actively generate their own prosody and that this generative process is influenced by the prosodic structure of another speaker's antecedent speech. The implications of these results for theories of speech production are discussed.
言语既可以从声学角度来描述，作为一种感知结果，也可以被描述为一种运动事件。言语感知和产生理论的核心在于试图描述言语的这些方面是如何相互关联的。本实验研究了非口吃者和口吃者对以声学方式呈现的疑问句的复述如何受到语调（句首与句末）和语速（正常与时间压缩）的实验变化的影响。我们研究了这些刺激操作对10名成年德语非口吃者和7名口吃者的语速和基频（F0）的影响。语调及语速的实验操作显著影响了正常说话者和口吃者的音节时长及语速。受试者反应的基频也受到刺激语调的显著影响。但是，口吃者在重读音节上的F0增加通常不如非口吃者明显。这些结果表明：（a）受试者不仅从语调中提取语言意义，而且还存储语法外的语速信息；（b）说话者在自己的言语产出中采用这些语速变化。总体而言，这些结果表明言语感知并不局限于提取语言不变信息。结果表明，说话者会主动生成自己的韵律，并且这种生成过程会受到另一个说话者先前言语的韵律结构的影响。本文讨论了这些结果对言语产生理论的意义。
