甲真菌病性黑甲的皮肤镜模式：与其他黑甲原因的对比研究。
Dermoscopic patterns of fungal melanonychia: A comparative study with other causes of melanonychia.
机构信息
Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Dermatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
出版信息
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Mar;76(3):488-493.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.08.013. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
BACKGROUND
Diagnosing fungal melanonychia (FM) is often difficult because it mimics melanonychia caused by other factors. Dermoscopy is helpful in the setting of nail pigmentation. However, the diagnostic characteristics of FM on dermoscopy are not fully elucidated.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine the dermoscopic characteristics of FM.
METHODS
We evaluated the dermoscopic patterns of FM diagnosed at 2 university hospitals from January 2010 to February 2016. We included nail matrix melanocytic activation, nail matrix nevi, and nail unit malignant melanomas as control groups for comparison.
RESULTS
In all, 18 FM, 24 melanocytic activation of the nail matrix, 27 nail matrix nevi, and 11 malignant melanoma cases were analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed that yellow color, multicolor pattern, nonlongitudinal homogenous pattern, reverse triangular pattern, subungual keratosis, white or yellow streaks, and scales on the nail were more frequent in FM. However, gray color, longitudinal pattern, and pseudo-Hutchinson sign were less frequent in FM than in controls.
LIMITATIONS
This was a retrospective study from 2 university hospitals, with a small sample size.
CONCLUSION
The results revealed distinctive dermoscopic patterns for FM. Therefore, dermoscopy can be a useful ancillary tool for diagnosing FM.
背景
诊断真菌性黑甲（FM）通常较为困难，因为它模仿了由其他因素引起的黑甲。皮肤镜检查有助于诊断甲色素沉着。然而，FM 的皮肤镜诊断特征尚未完全阐明。
目的
我们旨在确定 FM 的皮肤镜特征。
方法
我们评估了 2010 年 1 月至 2016 年 2 月在 2 所大学医院诊断的 FM 的皮肤镜模式。我们将甲母质黑素细胞激活、甲母质痣和甲单元恶性黑色素瘤作为对照组进行比较。
结果
共分析了 18 例 FM、24 例甲母质黑素细胞激活、27 例甲母质痣和 11 例恶性黑色素瘤病例。统计分析显示，FM 中更常见的特征有黄色、多色模式、非纵向均匀模式、反向三角形模式、甲下角化过度、白色或黄色条纹和指甲上的鳞屑。然而，灰色、纵向模式和假性 Hutchinson 征在 FM 中比对照组更少见。
局限性
这是一项来自 2 所大学医院的回顾性研究，样本量较小。
结论
结果揭示了 FM 的独特皮肤镜特征。因此，皮肤镜检查可以成为诊断 FM 的有用辅助工具。
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