Yunes R A, Poluektova E U, Dyachkova M S, Klimina K M, Kovtun A S, Averina O V, Orlova V S, Danilenko V N
Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklai Street, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Anaerobe. 2016 Dec;42:197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.011. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is an active biogenic substance synthesized in plants, fungi, vertebrate animals and bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are considered the main producers of GABA among bacteria. GABA-producing lactobacilli are isolated from food products such as cheese, yogurt, sourdough, etc. and are the source of bioactive properties assigned to those foods. The ability of human-derived lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to synthesize GABA remains poorly characterized. In this paper, we screened our collection of 135 human-derived Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for their ability to produce GABA from its precursor monosodium glutamate. Fifty eight strains were able to produce GABA. The most efficient GABA-producers were Bifidobacterium strains (up to 6 g/L). Time profiles of cell growth and GABA production as well as the influence of pyridoxal phosphate on GABA production were studied for L. plantarum 90sk, L. brevis 15f, B. adolescentis 150 and B. angulatum GT102. DNA of these strains was sequenced; the gadB and gadC genes were identified. The presence of these genes was analyzed in 14 metagenomes of healthy individuals. The genes were found in the following genera of bacteria: Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Odoribacter, Prevotella), Proteobacterium (Esherichia), Firmicutes (Enterococcus), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium). These data indicate that gad genes as well as the ability to produce GABA are widely distributed among lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (mainly in L. plantarum, L. brevis, B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. dentium) and other gut-derived bacterial species. Perhaps, GABA is involved in the interaction of gut microbiota with the macroorganism and the ability to synthesize GABA may be an important feature in the selection of bacterial strains - psychobiotics.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是一种在植物、真菌、脊椎动物和细菌中合成的活性生物源物质。乳酸菌被认为是细菌中GABA的主要生产者。产生GABA的乳酸菌从奶酪、酸奶、酸面团等食品中分离得到，并且是赋予这些食品生物活性特性的来源。人类源乳酸菌和双歧杆菌合成GABA的能力仍未得到充分表征。在本文中，我们筛选了我们收集的135株人类源乳酸菌和双歧杆菌菌株，以检测它们从前体谷氨酸钠产生GABA的能力。58株菌株能够产生GABA。最有效的GABA生产者是双歧杆菌菌株（高达6 g/L）。对植物乳杆菌90sk、短乳杆菌15f、青春双歧杆菌150和角双歧杆菌GT102研究了细胞生长和GABA产生的时间曲线以及磷酸吡哆醛对GABA产生的影响。对这些菌株的DNA进行了测序；鉴定出了gadB和gadC基因。在14个健康个体的宏基因组中分析了这些基因的存在情况。在以下细菌属中发现了这些基因：拟杆菌门（拟杆菌属、副拟杆菌属、艾氏杆菌属、气味杆菌属、普雷沃菌属）、变形菌门（大肠杆菌属）、厚壁菌门（肠球菌属）、放线菌门（双歧杆菌属）。这些数据表明，gad基因以及产生GABA的能力在乳酸菌和双歧杆菌（主要是植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、角双歧杆菌、齿双歧杆菌）和其他肠道来源细菌物种中广泛分布。也许，GABA参与了肠道微生物群与大生物体的相互作用，并且合成GABA的能力可能是选择细菌菌株——心理益生菌的一个重要特征。
