Beumer Joep, Clevers Hans
Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Development. 2016 Oct 15;143(20):3639-3649. doi: 10.1242/dev.133132.
The intestinal epithelium is the fastest renewing tissue in mammals and has a large flexibility to adapt to different types of damage. Lgr5 crypt base columnar (CBC) cells act as stem cells during homeostasis and are essential during regeneration. Upon perturbation, the activity of CBCs is dynamically regulated to maintain homeostasis and multiple dedicated progenitor cell populations can reverse to the stem cell state upon damage, adding another layer of compensatory mechanisms to facilitate regeneration. Here, we review our current understanding of how intestinal stem and progenitor cells contribute to homeostasis and regeneration, and the different signaling pathways that regulate their behavior. Nutritional state and inflammation have been recently identified as upstream regulators of stem cell activity in the mammalian intestine, and we explore how these systemic signals can influence homeostasis and regeneration.
肠上皮是哺乳动物中更新最快的组织，具有很大的灵活性以适应不同类型的损伤。Lgr5隐窝基底柱状（CBC）细胞在稳态期间充当干细胞，在再生过程中至关重要。受到扰动时，CBC的活性会动态调节以维持稳态，并且多个特定的祖细胞群体在损伤后可逆向转变为干细胞状态，从而增加了另一层补偿机制以促进再生。在这里，我们综述了目前对肠道干细胞和祖细胞如何促进稳态和再生的理解，以及调节它们行为的不同信号通路。营养状态和炎症最近已被确定为哺乳动物肠道中干细胞活性的上游调节因子，我们探讨了这些全身信号如何影响稳态和再生。
