Schwartz Silvia, Rhiner Christa
Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Institute for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
Int J Dev Biol. 2018;62(6-7-8):465-471. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.180056cr.
Adult stem cells in mammals are important for normal tissue renewal (homeostasis) and regeneration after injury. In the past ten years, different types of homeostatic adult stem cells have also been identified in the genetically accessible fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), among which intestinal stem cells have taken centre stage. Recent studies provide evidence that adult fly tissues may also harbor quiescent stem cells, which can enter cell cycle upon injury to regenerate compromised tissue. Such damage-responsive stem cells have been described in flight muscles, the adult brain and in a narrow region of the fly hindgut. Strikingly, many mammalian tissues have also been shown to maintain quiescent, but regeneration-competent, stem cells. However, little is known about the injury-induced signals that lead to their activation. Here, we provide a brief overview of active and damage-responsive adult stem cells in the fruit fly and focus on injury-dependent signalling events. We highlight the potential of Drosophila to model damage-induced stem cell activation to deepen our molecular understanding of how dormant stem cells can be efficiently recruited for tissue repair after injury.
哺乳动物中的成体干细胞对于正常组织更新（稳态）和损伤后的再生至关重要。在过去十年中，在基因易于操作的果蝇（黑腹果蝇）中也发现了不同类型的稳态成体干细胞，其中肠道干细胞成为了研究焦点。最近的研究表明，成年果蝇组织中可能也存在静止干细胞，它们在受到损伤时可进入细胞周期以再生受损组织。这种对损伤有反应的干细胞已在飞行肌肉、成年大脑以及果蝇后肠的一个狭窄区域中被描述。引人注目的是，许多哺乳动物组织也被证明含有静止但具有再生能力的干细胞。然而，对于导致它们激活的损伤诱导信号却知之甚少。在这里，我们简要概述了果蝇中活跃的和对损伤有反应的成体干细胞，并重点关注损伤依赖性信号事件。我们强调了果蝇作为损伤诱导干细胞激活模型的潜力，以加深我们对如何在损伤后有效招募休眠干细胞进行组织修复的分子理解。
