Dilnawaz Fahima
Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Curr Med Chem. 2017;24(22):2423-2438. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666161028160004.
Oral drug delivery is widespread owing to its non-invasive nature which complements high patient compliance. However, the drug administration via oral route is quite challenging due to the presence of the biochemical barriers which hinders the uptake as well as access to blood stream. Apart from that, stability, poor solubility and bioavailability of administered drug via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are also exigent. Till now various oral formulations were developed which releases the drug in a timely manner but lacks appropriate therapeutic concentration.
Recently nanoparticles based drug delivery system has emerged as prominent strategy for optimizing the oral drug delivery and maximizing the treatment efficiency. Besides, different strategic polymeric nanoparticles are engineered for interaction both at extracellular and intracellular levels with gastrointestinal mucosa.
The review article focuses on the polymeric and lipid based various nanocarriers that have been widely studied for the enhanced oral drug delivery of different therapeutic molecules and addresses recent progress of biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles approach for its improvement.
The progress of numerous oral nanoparticulate drug delivery vehicles will be immensely helpful to improve therapeutic efficacy with reduced adverse side effects. Unlike other forms of administration, it will have better patient compliance and soothing effect. The oral drug delivery will certainly play a pivotal role soon in expanding the clinical repertoire and applications.
口服给药因其非侵入性而广泛应用，这有助于提高患者的依从性。然而，由于存在生化屏障，阻碍药物吸收并进入血流，口服给药颇具挑战性。除此之外，经胃肠道给药的药物稳定性差、溶解度低和生物利用度低等问题也很突出。到目前为止，已开发出各种口服制剂，这些制剂能及时释放药物，但缺乏合适的治疗浓度。
近年来，基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统已成为优化口服药物递送和提高治疗效率的重要策略。此外，还设计了不同的策略性聚合物纳米颗粒，使其在细胞外和细胞内水平与胃肠道黏膜相互作用。
这篇综述文章重点介绍了基于聚合物和脂质的各种纳米载体，这些纳米载体已被广泛研究用于增强不同治疗分子的口服药物递送，并阐述了生物相容性和可生物降解聚合物纳米颗粒方法在这方面的最新进展。
众多口服纳米颗粒药物递送载体的进展将极大地有助于提高治疗效果并减少不良反应。与其他给药形式不同，它将具有更好的患者依从性和舒缓效果。口服药物递送肯定会在不久的将来在扩大临床应用范围和应用方面发挥关键作用。
