Stefanovics Elina A, Rosenheck Robert A, He Hongo, Ofori-Atta Angela, Cavalcanti Maria, Chiles Catherine
*Yale University School of Medicine (YUSM), New Haven; †Veterans Affairs (VA) New England Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven, CT; ‡Guangzhou Psychiatric and Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China; §Medical School College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; and ∥Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Dec;204(12):909-915. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000610.
Negative attitudes toward people with mental illness are a widespread concern and may vary across countries. This study used a 36-item questionnaire to compare attitudes toward people with mental illness and beliefs about the causes of mental illness among medical students from the United States, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China (N = 1131). Exploratory factor analysis identified the underlying factor structure of the questionnaire, and analysis of covariance was then used to compare factors representing four nonstigmatized attitudes across students from the five countries. US Medical students scored highest on all four factors, followed by those from Brazil. Nigerian and Ghanaian students scored lowest on nonsupernatural etiology of mental illness, and Chinese students showed the lowest score on personal social acceptance and public policy acceptance of people with mental illness. Differences in medical student attitudes between these five countries suggest underlying sociocultural differences in attitudes with the more stigmatized attitudes in developing countries.
对患有精神疾病的人的负面态度是一个普遍令人担忧的问题，并且在不同国家可能有所不同。本研究使用一份包含36个条目的问卷，比较了来自美国、巴西、加纳、尼日利亚和中国的医学生（N = 1131）对患有精神疾病的人的态度以及对精神疾病病因的看法。探索性因素分析确定了问卷的潜在因素结构，然后使用协方差分析来比较代表五个国家学生的四种非污名化态度的因素。美国医学生在所有四个因素上得分最高，其次是巴西学生。尼日利亚和加纳学生在精神疾病的非超自然病因方面得分最低，而中国学生在对患有精神疾病的人的个人社会接纳和公共政策接纳方面得分最低。这五个国家医学生态度的差异表明了潜在的社会文化差异，发展中国家的污名化态度更为严重。
