Luo Audrey, He Hongbo, Mohamed Somaia, Rosenheck Robert
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;42(3):535-551. doi: 10.1007/s11013-018-9568-9.
Stigma towards people with mental illness is a worldwide concern. A five-nation survey of medical student attitudes towards people with mental illness recently reported far lower levels of social acceptance among Chinese medical students compared to those from the US, Brazil, Ghana, and Nigeria. This qualitative study presented recent Chinese medical school graduates with probes based on questions used in the aforementioned cross-national study to elicit their views of factors underlying the negative attitudes towards social acceptance of people with mental illness. One-hour interviews were conducted with twenty psychiatry residents in June, 2016. Of 241 coded responses concerning negative attitudes, 51.5% were coded as reflecting fear of violent behavior, 22.8% as loss of face (i.e. shame from interpersonal associations), 17.0% lowered social status, 4.98% nonconforming social behavior, and 3.73% the heritability of mental illness. Low levels of social acceptance of individuals with mental illness among medical students in China are largely related to fears of violence of and loss of face. Understanding the attitudes of medical students may inform efforts to reduce stigma through educational initiatives targeted at both medical students and the general public.
对患有精神疾病者的污名化是一个全球关注的问题。最近一项对五个国家医学生对患有精神疾病者态度的调查显示，与来自美国、巴西、加纳和尼日利亚的医学生相比，中国医学生的社会接纳水平要低得多。这项定性研究以上述跨国研究中使用的问题为基础，向近期毕业的中国医学院学生提出问题，以了解他们对导致对患有精神疾病者社会接纳持消极态度的因素的看法。2016年6月，对20名精神科住院医师进行了为期一小时的访谈。在241条关于消极态度的编码回复中，51.5%被编码为反映对暴力行为的恐惧，22.8%为丢脸（即因人际关系而感到羞耻），17.0%为社会地位降低，4.98%为不符合社会行为，3.73%为精神疾病的遗传性。中国医学生对患有精神疾病者的社会接纳水平较低，主要与对暴力行为的恐惧和丢脸有关。了解医学生的态度可能有助于通过针对医学生和普通公众的教育举措来减少污名化。
