Stefanovics Elina, He Hongbo, Ofori-Atta Angela, Cavalcanti Maria Tavares, Rocha Neto Helio, Makanjuola Victor, Ighodaro Adesuwa, Leddy Meaghan, Rosenheck Robert
VA New England Mental Illness Research and Education Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System (116A-4), 950 Campbell Ave., Building 36, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Psychiatr Q. 2016 Mar;87(1):63-73. doi: 10.1007/s11126-015-9363-5.
This quantitative study sought to compare beliefs about the manifestation, causes and treatment of mental illness and attitudes toward people with mental illness among health professionals from five countries: the United States, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China. A total of 902 health professionals from the five countries were surveyed using a questionnaire addressing attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about the causes of mental illness. Chi-square and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare age and gender of the samples. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to confirm the structure and fit of the hypothesized model based on data from a previous study that identified four factors: socializing with people with mental illness (socializing), belief that people with mental illness should have normal roles in society (normalizing), non-belief in supernatural causes (witchcraft or curses), and belief in bio-psycho-social causes of mental illness (bio-psycho-social). Analysis of Covariance was used to compare four factor scores across countries adjusting for differences in age and gender. Scores on all four factors were highest among U.S. professionals. The Chinese sample showed lowest score on socializing and normalizing while the Nigerian and Ghanaian samples were lowest on non-belief in supernatural causes of mental illness. Responses from Brazil fell between those of the U.S. and the other countries. Although based on convenience samples of health professional robust differences in attitudes among health professionals between these five countries appear to reflect underlying socio-cultural differences affecting attitudes of professionals with the greater evidence of stigmatized attitudes in developing countries.
这项定量研究旨在比较来自美国、巴西、加纳、尼日利亚和中国这五个国家的卫生专业人员对精神疾病的表现、病因和治疗的看法，以及对精神疾病患者的态度。使用一份针对对精神疾病患者的态度和对精神疾病病因的看法的问卷，对来自这五个国家的总共902名卫生专业人员进行了调查。卡方检验和协方差分析（ANCOVA）用于比较样本的年龄和性别。基于先前一项研究的数据，采用验证性因素分析来确认假设模型的结构和拟合度，该研究确定了四个因素：与精神疾病患者交往（社交）、认为精神疾病患者在社会中应具有正常角色（正常化）、不相信超自然病因（巫术或诅咒）以及相信精神疾病的生物心理社会病因（生物心理社会）。协方差分析用于比较各国在调整年龄和性别差异后的四个因素得分。在美国专业人员中，所有四个因素的得分最高。中国样本在社交和正常化方面得分最低，而尼日利亚和加纳样本在不相信精神疾病的超自然病因方面得分最低。巴西的回答介于美国和其他国家之间。尽管基于卫生专业人员的便利样本，但这五个国家的卫生专业人员在态度上的显著差异似乎反映了影响专业人员态度的潜在社会文化差异，在发展中国家有更多污名化态度的证据。
