Ferrão Miquéias, Colatreli Olavo, de Fraga Rafael, Kaefer Igor L, Moravec Jiří, Lima Albertina P
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2016 Nov 2;11(11):e0165679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165679. eCollection 2016.
Rising habitat loss is one of the main drivers of the global amphibian decline. Nevertheless, knowledge of amphibian diversity needed for effective habitat protection is still highly inadequate in remote tropical regions, the greater part of the Amazonia. In this study we integrated molecular, morphological and bioacoustic evidence to evaluate the species richness of the treefrogs genus Scinax over a 1000 km transect across rainforest of the Purus-Madeira interfluve, and along the east bank of the upper Madeira river, Brazilian Amazonia. Analysis revealed that 82% of the regional species richness of Scinax is still undescribed; two nominal species, seven confirmed candidate species, two unconfirmed candidate species, and one deep conspecific lineage were detected in the study area. DNA barcoding based analysis of the 16s rRNA gene indicates possible existence of three discrete species groups within the genus Scinax, in addition to the already-known S. rostratus species Group. Quantifying and characterizing the number of undescribed Scinax taxa on a regional scale, we provide a framework for future taxonomic study in Amazonia. These findings indicate that the level to which Amazonian anura species richness has been underestimated is far greater than expected. Consequently, special attention should be paid both to taxonomic studies and protection of the still-neglected Amazonian Scinax treefrogs.
栖息地丧失加剧是全球两栖动物数量减少的主要驱动因素之一。然而，在亚马逊地区大部分偏远的热带地区，有效保护栖息地所需的两栖动物多样性知识仍然极为匮乏。在本研究中，我们整合了分子、形态和生物声学证据，以评估在巴西亚马逊地区普鲁斯河与马德拉河河间地区的雨林以及马德拉河上游东岸长达1000公里的样带中，树蛙属（Scinax）的物种丰富度。分析表明，该地区Scinax属仍有82%的物种未被描述；在研究区域内检测到两个定名人种、七个已确认的候选物种、两个未确认的候选物种以及一个深度同种谱系。基于16s rRNA基因的DNA条形码分析表明，除了已知的S. rostratus物种组外，Scinax属内可能还存在三个不同的物种组。我们在区域尺度上对未描述的Scinax分类单元数量进行了量化和表征，为亚马逊地区未来的分类学研究提供了一个框架。这些发现表明，亚马逊无尾目物种丰富度被低估的程度远远超过预期。因此，应特别关注分类学研究以及对仍被忽视的亚马逊Scinax树蛙的保护。
