Zobel Mirijam
Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv. 2016 Nov 1;72(Pt 6):621-631. doi: 10.1107/S2053273316013516. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
Nanoparticles are attractive in a wide range of research genres due to their size-dependent properties, which can be in contrast to those of micrometre-sized colloids or bulk materials. This may be attributed, in part, to their large surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. There is a growing awareness that stress and strain at the particle surface contribute to their behaviour and this has been included in the structural models of nanoparticles for some time. One significant oversight in this field, however, has been the fact that the particle surface affects its surroundings in an equally important manner. It should be emphasized here that the surface areas involved are huge and, therefore, a significant proportion of solvent molecules are affected. Experimental evidence of this is emerging, where suitable techniques to probe the structural correlations of liquids at nanoparticle surfaces have only recently been developed. The recent validation of solvation shells around nanoparticles has been a significant milestone in advancing this concept. Restructured ordering of solvent molecules at the surfaces of nanoparticles has an influence on the entire panoply of solvent-particle interactions during, for example, particle formation and growth, adhesion forces in industrial filtration, and activities of nanoparticle-enzyme complexes. This article gives an overview of the advances made in solvent-nanoparticle interface research in recent years: from description of the structure of bulk solids and liquids via macroscopic planar surfaces, to the detection of nanoscopic restructuring effects. Water-nanoparticle interfaces are given specific attention to illustrate and highlight their similarity to biological systems.
由于纳米粒子的尺寸依赖性特性，它们在广泛的研究领域中具有吸引力，这与微米级胶体或块状材料的特性形成对比。这在一定程度上可能归因于它们较大的表面体积比和量子限制效应。人们越来越意识到，粒子表面的应力和应变会影响其行为，并且这已经在纳米粒子的结构模型中存在了一段时间。然而，该领域一个重大的疏忽是，粒子表面以同样重要的方式影响其周围环境。这里应该强调的是，所涉及的表面积非常大，因此，相当一部分溶剂分子会受到影响。这方面的实验证据正在出现，用于探测纳米粒子表面液体结构相关性的合适技术直到最近才得以开发。最近对纳米粒子周围溶剂化壳的验证是推进这一概念的一个重要里程碑。纳米粒子表面溶剂分子的重新排列顺序会影响例如粒子形成和生长、工业过滤中的粘附力以及纳米粒子 - 酶复合物活性等整个溶剂 - 粒子相互作用的范畴。本文概述了近年来溶剂 - 纳米粒子界面研究取得的进展：从通过宏观平面描述块状固体和液体的结构，到检测纳米级的重组效应。特别关注水 - 纳米粒子界面，以说明和突出它们与生物系统的相似性。
