Carrigan Nicole, Barkus Emma
a School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2016 Nov;21(6):539-564. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1250620. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
Cognitive failures are errors in normal everyday functioning. Individuals with psychological disorders may possess heightened vulnerability. We sought to review the literature on cognitive failures in psychological disorders to determine the nature of this association, and whether failures relate to neuropsychological performance. We also examine the relationship between cognitive failures and substance use since it is relevant to everyday cognition and co-occurs in many psychological disorders.
We conducted a systematic review of self-reported cognitive failures in psychological disorders and substance use, identifying 21 papers in total.
Papers identified studied trauma, mood, and anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Substance use papers included nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and ecstasy use. Cognitive failures were increased in some but not all papers; the most consistent findings were for depression, PTSD, and daily smokers of nicotine. Subjective failures did not correlate closely with neuropsychological outcomes in any disorders. We were unable to discern distinct profiles of failures for each disorder; rather they may reflect emotional dysregulation more broadly.
The real world cognitive experiences of people with psychological disorders may differ to their performance in the clinic or lab. It is important that self-reports of minor cognitive issues are considered as both a potential risk and a maintaining factor of illness. Substance use also needs to be considered in assessing cognitive failures.
认知失误是正常日常功能中的错误。患有心理障碍的个体可能更容易出现此类情况。我们试图回顾有关心理障碍中认知失误的文献，以确定这种关联的性质，以及失误是否与神经心理表现相关。我们还研究了认知失误与物质使用之间的关系，因为这与日常认知相关，且在许多心理障碍中同时出现。
我们对心理障碍和物质使用中自我报告的认知失误进行了系统综述，共识别出21篇论文。
所识别的论文研究了创伤、情绪和焦虑障碍以及精神分裂症。物质使用方面的论文包括尼古丁、酒精、大麻和摇头丸的使用。认知失误在部分而非所有论文中有所增加；最一致的发现是在抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍和尼古丁每日吸烟者中。在任何障碍中，主观失误与神经心理结果均无密切关联。我们无法辨别每种障碍的独特失误模式；相反，它们可能更广泛地反映情绪调节障碍。
心理障碍患者的现实世界认知体验可能与其在诊所或实验室中的表现不同。重要的是，轻微认知问题的自我报告应被视为疾病的潜在风险和维持因素。在评估认知失误时也需要考虑物质使用情况。
