Research Centre for Functional Genomics,Biomedicine and Translational Medicine,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Cluj-Napoca,Romania.
Department of Dermatology,University of Freiburg,Freiburg,Germany.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2016 Nov 7;18:e18. doi: 10.1017/erm.2016.17.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumours characterised by lack of expression of oestrogen-, progesterone- and human epidermal growth factor receptors. TNBC, which represents approximately 15% of all mammary tumours, has a poor prognosis because of an aggressive behaviour and the lack of specific treatment. Accordingly, TNBC has become a major focus of research into breast cancer and is now classified into several molecular subtypes, each with a different prognosis. Pathological angiogenesis occurs at a late stage in the proliferation of TNBC and is associated with invasion and metastasis; there is an association with metabolic syndrome. Semaphorins are a versatile family of proteins with multiple roles in angiogenesis, tumour growth and metastasis and may represent a clinically useful focus for therapeutic targeting in this type of breast cancer. Another important field of investigation into the control of pathological angiogenesis is related to the expression of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) - these molecules can be considered as a therapeutic target or as a biomarker. Several molecular agents for intervening in the activity of different signalling pathways are being explored in TNBC, but none has so far proved effective in clinical trials and the disease continues to pose a defining challenge for clinical management as well as innovative cancer research.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一组具有异质性的肿瘤，其特征是缺乏雌激素、孕激素和人表皮生长因子受体的表达。TNBC 约占所有乳腺肿瘤的 15%，由于其侵袭性和缺乏特异性治疗，预后较差。因此，TNBC 已成为乳腺癌研究的主要焦点，并已被分为几个分子亚型，每个亚型的预后都不同。病理性血管生成发生在 TNBC 增殖的晚期，与侵袭和转移有关；与代谢综合征有关。信号蛋白是一个多功能蛋白家族，在血管生成、肿瘤生长和转移中具有多种作用，可能代表了治疗这种乳腺癌的一种有临床应用价值的治疗靶点。病理性血管生成控制的另一个重要研究领域与非编码 RNA（ncRNA）的表达有关-这些分子可以被认为是治疗靶点或生物标志物。目前正在 TNBC 中探索干预不同信号通路活性的几种分子药物，但迄今为止，在临床试验中没有一种药物被证明有效，该疾病仍然是临床管理以及创新癌症研究的一个决定性挑战。
