Xiao Fengqiu, Zheng Zhiwei, Zhang Heyi, Xin Ziqiang, Chen Yinghe, Li Yiwei
Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
China National Children's Center, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2016 Nov 8;11(11):e0165717. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165717. eCollection 2016.
Prosocial behavior refers to a broad category of actions that benefit other people or the society. Compared with other factors that affect prosocial performance, prosocial outcomes, consisting of prosocial gains and prosocial non-losses have received less attention up to now. In the current research, we explored the influences of different types of expected outcomes and regulatory focus on prosocial performance. Studies 1a and 1b examined the differences in prosocial performance elicited by prosocial gain (e.g., enhancing others' access to clean water) and prosocial non-loss outcomes (e.g., protecting others from suffering dirty water). We found that the expected prosocial non-loss outcomes induced greater prosocial performance compared with the expected prosocial gain outcomes. Studies 2a and 2b examined the effects of dispositional and situational regulatory focus on prosocial loss aversion. We found that differences in prosocial performance between two expected prosocial outcomes were reduced when promotion focus was primed; whereas a primed prevention focus did not significantly increase this difference. Additionally, participants displayed a greater prosocial loss aversion in the prevention focus condition than in the promotion focus condition. The reason for the non-significant interaction between regulatory focus and expected prosocial outcome was discussed.
亲社会行为是指一类广泛的有益于他人或社会的行为。与影响亲社会表现的其他因素相比，由亲社会收益和亲社会非损失组成的亲社会结果至今受到的关注较少。在当前的研究中，我们探讨了不同类型的预期结果和调节焦点对亲社会表现的影响。研究1a和1b考察了亲社会收益（如增加他人获得清洁水的机会）和亲社会非损失结果（如保护他人免受脏水之苦）引发的亲社会表现的差异。我们发现，与预期的亲社会收益结果相比，预期的亲社会非损失结果引发了更强的亲社会表现。研究2a和2b考察了特质性和情境性调节焦点对亲社会损失厌恶的影响。我们发现，当启动促进焦点时，两种预期亲社会结果之间的亲社会表现差异减小；而启动预防焦点并没有显著增加这种差异。此外，参与者在预防焦点条件下比在促进焦点条件下表现出更强的亲社会损失厌恶。我们还讨论了调节焦点与预期亲社会结果之间无显著交互作用的原因。
