Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Huadu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Jun 8;23(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02142-9.
Exposure to different concentration levels of fatty acids (FAs) may have an impact on depression. However, previous studies using individual FAs may not reflect the performance of mixtures of various FAs, and the associations of FA patterns with depression remain unclear.
We conducted the cross-sectional analysis in 792 adults aged 18 and older with available serum FAs and depression screening data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. The serum concentrations of thirty FAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their percentage compositions were subsequently calculated. Depression was defined as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10. We employed principal component analysis to derive serum FA patterns. We examined the association between these patterns and depression in the overall population and various subgroups through survey-weighted logistic regression.
Four distinct patterns of serum FAs were identified: 'high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); low docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n-6', 'high long-chain saturated FA and long chain FA', 'low median-chain saturated FA and myristoleic acid' and 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA)' pattern. Individuals in the high tertile of 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' pattern score had 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.93) lower odds of developing depression compared to individuals in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, physical activity and total energy intake, etc. The odds ratio (OR) of depression was increased in the population with the highest tertile of 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' pattern (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.83). In subgroup analyses, we observed that the association between 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' and depression persisted among specific demographic and lifestyle subgroups, including females, non-Mexican Americans, non-obese, those aged over 60 years, smokers and drinkers. Similarly, 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' showed stable associations in female, non-Mexican Americans and smokers.
Serum FA patterns are associated with depression, and their relationships vary across sex, race, BMI, age, smoking and drinking subgroups, highlighting the importance of considering specific FA patterns within these demographic and lifestyle categories. Utilization of combined FA administration may serve as a mitigation measure against depression in these specific populations.
暴露于不同浓度水平的脂肪酸（FAs）可能会对抑郁症产生影响。然而，之前使用单一 FA 的研究可能无法反映各种 FA 混合物的表现，并且 FA 模式与抑郁症之间的关联仍不清楚。
我们对 792 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的成年人进行了横断面分析，这些成年人在 2011-2012 年的国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中既有血清 FA 数据又有抑郁症筛查数据。使用气相色谱-质谱法测量 30 种 FA 的血清浓度，并计算其百分比组成。抑郁症的定义为患者健康问卷-9 得分≥10。我们采用主成分分析得出血清 FA 模式。我们通过调查加权逻辑回归，在总体人群和各种亚组中检查这些模式与抑郁症之间的关联。
我们确定了四种不同的血清 FA 模式：“高二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）；低二十二碳四烯酸（DTA）和二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）n-6”、“长链饱和 FA 和长链 FA 高”、“中链饱和 FA 和肉豆蔻酸低”和“癸酸和月桂酸低；γ-亚麻酸（GLA）和二十碳五烯酸（SDA）高”模式。与最低三分位相比，“高 EPA 和 DHA；低 DTA 和 DPA n-6”模式评分较高的个体发生抑郁症的几率低 0.46（95%CI：0.22，0.93），调整混杂因素（如年龄、性别、体力活动和总能量摄入等）后。在最高三分位的“癸酸和月桂酸低；高 GLA 和 SDA”模式人群中，抑郁症的比值比（OR）增加（OR：2.45，95%CI：1.24，4.83）。在亚组分析中，我们观察到“高 EPA 和 DHA；低 DTA 和 DPA n-6”与抑郁症之间的关联在特定的人口统计学和生活方式亚组中持续存在，包括女性、非墨西哥裔美国人、非肥胖者、60 岁以上者、吸烟者和饮酒者。同样，“癸酸和月桂酸低；高 GLA 和 SDA”在女性、非墨西哥裔美国人以及吸烟者中表现出稳定的关联。
血清 FA 模式与抑郁症相关，并且它们之间的关系因性别、种族、BMI、年龄、吸烟和饮酒亚组而异，这凸显了在这些人口统计学和生活方式类别中考虑特定 FA 模式的重要性。联合使用 FA 可能是减轻这些特定人群抑郁症的一种措施。
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