Lagerström Maria, Strand Jakob, Eklund Britta, Ytreberg Erik
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Fredriksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Jan;220(Pt B):1333-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Nov 8.
Despite their ban on small vessels in 1989 in the EU, organotin compounds (OTCs) are still being released into the environment due to their presence in historic paint layers on leisure boats. 23 paint samples scraped from recreational boats from three countries around the Baltic Sea were analyzed for total tin (Sn) and OTCs. Two antifouling paint products were also subjected to the same analyses. A new method for the detection of Sn in paint flake samples was developed and found to yield more accurate results compared to four different acid digestion methods. A new method was also developed for the extraction of OTCs from ground paint flakes. This endeavor revealed that existing methods for organotin analysis of sediment may not have full recoveries of OTCs if paint flakes are present in the sample. The hull paint samples had Sn concentrations ranging from 25 to 18,000 mg/kg paint and results showed that tributyltin (TBT) was detected in all samples with concentrations as high as 4.7 g (as Sn)/kg paint. TBT was however not always the major OTC. Triphenyltin (TPhT) was abundant in many samples, especially in those originating from Finland. Several other compounds such as monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), tetrabutyltin (TeBT), monophenyltin (MPhT) and diphenyltin (DPhT) were also detected. These could be the result of degradation occurring on the hull or of impurities in the paint products as they were also identified in the two analyzed paint products. A linear correlation (r = 0.934) was found between the total tin content and the sum of all detected OTCs. The detection of tin can therefore be used to indicate the presence of OTCs on leisure boats.
尽管欧盟在1989年就禁止使用小型船只，但有机锡化合物（OTC）仍因存在于休闲船的历史漆层中而不断释放到环境中。对从波罗的海周边三个国家的休闲船上刮下的23个油漆样本进行了总锡（Sn）和OTC分析。还对两种防污漆产品进行了同样的分析。开发了一种检测漆片样本中锡的新方法，发现与四种不同的酸消解方法相比，该方法能产生更准确的结果。还开发了一种从磨碎的漆片中提取OTC的新方法。这项研究表明，如果样本中存在漆片，现有的沉积物有机锡分析方法可能无法使OTC完全回收。船体漆样本的锡浓度范围为25至18,000毫克/千克漆，结果表明所有样本中均检测到三丁基锡（TBT），浓度高达4.7克（以锡计）/千克漆。然而，TBT并不总是主要的OTC。三苯基锡（TPhT）在许多样本中含量丰富，尤其是来自芬兰的样本。还检测到了其他几种化合物，如单丁基锡（MBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）、四丁基锡（TeBT）、单苯基锡（MPhT）和二苯基锡（DPhT）。这些可能是船体上发生降解的结果，也可能是漆产品中的杂质所致，因为在两种分析的漆产品中也发现了这些物质。总锡含量与所有检测到的OTC总和之间存在线性相关性（r = 0.934）。因此，锡的检测可用于指示休闲船上OTC的存在。
