State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong, 510045, China.
Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 15;6:37084. doi: 10.1038/srep37084.
In this study, we proposed a Regional Probabilistic Risk Assessment (RPRA) to estimate the health risks of exposing residents to heavy metals in different environmental media and land uses. The mean and ranges of heavy metal concentrations were measured in water, sediments, soil profiles and surface soils under four land uses along the Shunde Waterway, a drinking water supply area in China. Hazard quotients (HQs) were estimated for various exposure routes and heavy metal species. Riverbank vegetable plots and private vegetable plots had 95 percentiles of total HQs greater than 3 and 1, respectively, indicating high risks of cultivation on the flooded riverbank. Vegetable uptake and leaching to groundwater were the two transfer routes of soil metals causing high health risks. Exposure risks during outdoor recreation, farming and swimming along the Shunde Waterway are theoretically safe. Arsenic and cadmium were identified as the priority pollutants that contribute the most risk among the heavy metals. Sensitivity analysis showed that the exposure route, variations in exposure parameters, mobility of heavy metals in soil, and metal concentrations all influenced the risk estimates.
本研究提出了区域概率风险评估（RPRA）方法，以评估居民暴露于不同环境介质和土地利用中重金属的健康风险。在顺德水道沿线的四种土地利用类型下，测量了水中、沉积物中、土壤剖面中和表层土壤中重金属的浓度均值和范围。该水道是中国的一个饮用水供应区。针对各种暴露途径和重金属种类，评估了危害商数（HQ）。河岸菜地和私人菜地的总 HQ 百分位数分别大于 3 和 1，表明在洪水泛滥的河岸进行耕种的风险很高。蔬菜吸收和淋滤到地下水是导致土壤金属高健康风险的两种转移途径。在顺德水道进行户外活动、农业和游泳的暴露风险在理论上是安全的。砷和镉被确定为重金属中对风险贡献最大的优先污染物。敏感性分析表明，暴露途径、暴露参数的变化、重金属在土壤中的迁移性以及金属浓度均会影响风险评估。
