Espinosa-Medina I, Saha O, Boismoreau F, Chettouh Z, Rossi F, Richardson W D, Brunet J-F
Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, 75005 France.
Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
Science. 2016 Nov 18;354(6314):893-897. doi: 10.1126/science.aah5454.
A kinship between cranial and pelvic visceral nerves of vertebrates has been accepted for a century. Accordingly, sacral preganglionic neurons are considered parasympathetic, as are their targets in the pelvic ganglia that prominently control rectal, bladder, and genital functions. Here, we uncover 15 phenotypic and ontogenetic features that distinguish pre- and postganglionic neurons of the cranial parasympathetic outflow from those of the thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow in mice. By every single one, the sacral outflow is indistinguishable from the thoracolumbar outflow. Thus, the parasympathetic nervous system receives input from cranial nerves exclusively and the sympathetic nervous system from spinal nerves, thoracic to sacral inclusively. This simplified, bipartite architecture offers a new framework to understand pelvic neurophysiology as well as development and evolution of the autonomic nervous system.
脊椎动物颅部和盆腔内脏神经之间的亲缘关系已被认可一个世纪了。因此，骶节前神经元被认为是副交感神经，其在盆腔神经节中的靶点也是如此，这些靶点主要控制直肠、膀胱和生殖功能。在这里，我们发现了15种表型和个体发育特征，这些特征区分了小鼠颅部副交感神经传出的节前和节后神经元与胸腰交感神经传出的节前和节后神经元。从每一个特征来看，骶部传出神经与胸腰传出神经并无区别。因此，副交感神经系统仅从颅神经接收输入，而交感神经系统从包括胸段到骶段的脊神经接收输入。这种简化的二分结构为理解盆腔神经生理学以及自主神经系统的发育和进化提供了一个新的框架。
