Oates Caryn N, Denby Katherine J, Myburg Alexander A, Slippers Bernard, Naidoo Sanushka
Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Nov 18;17(11):1891. doi: 10.3390/ijms17111891.
Gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology are all altered in favour of the insect. Many gallers are devastating pests in global agriculture and the limited understanding of their relationship with their hosts prevents the development of robust management strategies. Omics technologies are proving to be important tools in elucidating the mechanisms involved in the interaction as they facilitate analysis of plant hosts and insect effectors for which little or no prior knowledge exists. In this review, we examine the mechanisms behind insect gall development using evidence from omics-level approaches. The secretion of effector proteins and induced phytohormonal imbalances are highlighted as likely mechanisms involved in gall development. However, understanding how these components function within the system is far from complete and a number of questions need to be answered before this information can be used in the development of strategies to engineer or breed plants with enhanced resistance.
致瘿昆虫能够对其宿主的细胞机制施加高度控制，以至于植物的发育、代谢、化学组成和生理机能都会发生改变，以利于昆虫。许多致瘿昆虫是全球农业中的毁灭性害虫，而对它们与宿主关系的有限了解阻碍了强有力的管理策略的制定。组学技术正被证明是阐明这种相互作用所涉及机制的重要工具，因为它们有助于分析几乎没有或根本没有先验知识的植物宿主和昆虫效应物。在这篇综述中，我们利用组学水平方法的证据来研究昆虫瘿发育背后的机制。效应蛋白的分泌和诱导的植物激素失衡被强调为可能参与瘿发育的机制。然而，要了解这些成分在系统中是如何发挥作用的还远远不够，在这些信息能够用于开发具有增强抗性的工程植物或培育抗性植物的策略之前，还有许多问题需要解答。
