Ratnu Vikram S, Emami Michael R, Bredy Timothy W
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):301-310. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23886.
There are inherent biological differences between males and females that contribute to sex differences in brain function and to many sex-specific illnesses and disorders. Traditionally, it has been thought that such differences are due largely to hormonal regulation; however, there are also genetic and epigenetic effects caused by the inheritance and unequal dosage of genes located on the X and Y chromosomes. Here we discuss the evidence in favor of a genetic and epigenetic basis for sexually dimorphic behavior, as a consequence of underlying differences in the regulation of genes that drive brain function. A better understanding of sex-specific molecular processes in the brain will provide further insight for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by sex differences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
男性和女性之间存在固有的生物学差异，这些差异导致了大脑功能的性别差异以及许多特定性别的疾病和紊乱。传统上，人们认为这些差异主要是由于激素调节；然而，位于X和Y染色体上的基因的遗传和剂量不均也会产生遗传和表观遗传效应。在此，我们讨论支持性别二态性行为存在遗传和表观遗传基础的证据，这是驱动大脑功能的基因调控存在潜在差异的结果。更好地理解大脑中特定性别的分子过程，将为开发针对具有性别差异的神经精神疾病的新型治疗方法提供进一步的见解。© 2016威利期刊公司
