Kokras Nikolaos, Dalla Christina
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):731-736. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23861.
Women suffer from depression and anxiety disorders more often than men, and as a result they receive antidepressants to a greater extent. Sex differences in antidepressant response in humans have been modestly studied, and results have been controversial. At the same time, preclinical studies on animal models of depression and antidepressant response have provided insights with regard to sex differences that could be useful for the design and interpretation of future clinical trials. This Mini-Review discusses such sex-differentiated findings with regard to the presentation of depression, endophenotypes, and antidepressant response. In particular, men and women differ in symptomatology of depression, and animal models of depression have revealed sex differences in behavioral indices. However, although in experimental studies behavioral indices and models are adjusted to identify sex differences properly, this is not the case in the use of depression rating scales in clinical studies. Accordingly, preclinical studies highlight the importance of sex differences at the baseline behavioral response and the underlying mechanisms that often converge after antidepressant treatment. This is also a neglected issue in human studies. Finally, preclinical research suggests that, in the quest for potential biomarkers for depression, sex should be an important factor to consider. Careful consideration of sex differences in preclinical research could facilitate and ameliorate the design and quality of clinical studies for disease biomarkers and novel fast-acting antidepressants that are so essential for both men and women suffering from depression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
女性比男性更常患抑郁症和焦虑症，因此她们服用抗抑郁药的比例更高。关于人类抗抑郁反应中的性别差异，已有少量研究，结果也存在争议。与此同时，针对抑郁症动物模型和抗抑郁反应的临床前研究，为性别差异提供了一些见解，这可能有助于未来临床试验的设计和解读。本综述讨论了在抑郁症表现、内表型和抗抑郁反应方面的此类性别差异。特别是，男性和女性在抑郁症症状上存在差异，抑郁症动物模型也揭示了行为指标方面的性别差异。然而，尽管在实验研究中行为指标和模型经过调整以正确识别性别差异，但在临床研究中使用抑郁症评定量表时并非如此。因此，临床前研究强调了基线行为反应时性别差异以及抗抑郁治疗后往往趋同的潜在机制的重要性。这也是人类研究中一个被忽视的问题。最后，临床前研究表明，在寻找抑郁症潜在生物标志物时，性别应是一个重要的考虑因素。在临床前研究中仔细考虑性别差异，有助于并改善针对疾病生物标志物和新型速效抗抑郁药的临床研究设计和质量，这对患有抑郁症的男性和女性都至关重要。© 2016威利期刊公司
