Polymeri A, Giannobile W V, Kaigler D
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Horm Metab Res. 2016 Nov;48(11):700-713. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-118458. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are adult multipotent cells, which have the potential to differentiate into cell types of mesodermal origin, namely osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Due to their accessibility and expansion potential, BMSCs have historically held therapeutic promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. More recently, it has been demonstrated that not only can bone marrow stromal stem cells directly participate in tissue regeneration, but they also have the capacity to migrate to distant sites of tissue injury, where they can participate in tissue repair either directly through their differentiation or indirectly through paracrine mechanisms. Additionally, they can elicit various immunomodulatory signals, which can attenuate the inflammatory and immune responses. As such, bone marrow stromal stem cells have been explored clinically for treatment of a wide variety of different conditions including bone defects, graft-vs.-host disease, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, neurological diseases, and liver and kidney diseases. This review provides an overview of current clinical applications of bone marrow stromal stem cells and discusses their therapeutic properties, while also addressing limitations of their use. PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar online databases were searched using several keywords, including "stem cells", "tissue engineering", tissue regeneration" and "clinical trials". Additionally, Clinical trials.gov was used to locate completed clinical trials using bone marrow derived stem cells.
骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）是成体多能细胞，具有分化为中胚层来源细胞类型的潜力，即骨细胞、脂肪细胞和软骨细胞。由于其易于获取和扩增潜力，骨髓基质干细胞在组织工程和再生医学应用中一直具有治疗前景。最近的研究表明，骨髓基质干细胞不仅可以直接参与组织再生，还具有迁移到远处组织损伤部位的能力，在那里它们可以通过分化直接参与组织修复，或者通过旁分泌机制间接参与组织修复。此外，它们可以引发各种免疫调节信号，从而减弱炎症和免疫反应。因此，骨髓基质干细胞已在临床上用于探索治疗多种不同疾病，包括骨缺损、移植物抗宿主病、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病、糖尿病、神经疾病以及肝脏和肾脏疾病。本综述概述了骨髓基质干细胞的当前临床应用，并讨论了它们的治疗特性，同时也探讨了其使用的局限性。使用了几个关键词在PubMed、Ovid和谷歌学术在线数据库中进行搜索，包括“干细胞”、“组织工程”、“组织再生”和“临床试验”。此外，Clinicaltrials.gov用于查找使用骨髓来源干细胞的已完成临床试验。
