Domínguez Luciana M, Fiore Esteban J, Mazzolini Guillermo D
Laboratorio de Terapia Génica y Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Terapia Génica y Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80(6):696-702.
Cell therapy and regenerative medicine are currently active areas for biomedical research. In most tissues, there are self-repair mechanisms carried out mainly by resident stem cells that can differentiate and replace dead cells or secrete trophic factors that stimulate the regenerative process. These mechanisms often fail in degenerative diseases; thus it is postulated that exogenous cell therapy can contribute to tissue regeneration and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem/progenitor cells, which could be easily expanded in vitro and have the ability to selectively migrate toward injured tissues, evade the immune system recognition, and secrete trophic factors to support tissue repair. Furthermore, MSCs could be engineered for the delivery of therapeutic genes. The main sources for MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that MSCs therapy is safe for both autologous and allogeneic uses. This review summarizes information about the properties of MSCs and their therapeutic potential for a broad spectrum of diseases. We also present here the last data about clinical trials that position the use of MSCs as an interesting tool for tissue regeneration and the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
细胞疗法和再生医学是当前生物医学研究的活跃领域。在大多数组织中，存在主要由常驻干细胞执行的自我修复机制，这些干细胞可以分化并替代死亡细胞，或分泌刺激再生过程的营养因子。这些机制在退行性疾病中常常失效；因此推测外源性细胞疗法有助于组织再生和修复。间充质干细胞（MSCs）是多能成体干细胞/祖细胞，能够在体外轻松扩增，具有选择性迁移至损伤组织、逃避免疫系统识别以及分泌营养因子以支持组织修复的能力。此外，MSCs可经改造用于递送治疗性基因。MSCs的主要来源是骨髓、脂肪组织和脐带。多项临床前和临床研究表明，MSCs疗法用于自体和异体均安全。本综述总结了有关MSCs特性及其对多种疾病治疗潜力的信息。我们还在此展示了关于临床试验的最新数据，这些数据表明MSCs的应用是组织再生和治疗炎症性疾病的一个有前景的工具。
