Hvatum Ingjerd, Glavin Kari
Health Authorities, Oslo Municipality, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nursing, Diakonova University College, Oslo, Norway.
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Oct;26(19-20):3144-3155. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13663. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
To describe women's experience of not breastfeeding in a breastfeeding culture.
Breastfeeding represents a fundamental cultural value in Norway and many other countries, and a mother may often have intense emotions about breastfeeding her child. Political and health authorities in many countries have given high priority to encourage breastfeeding among mothers. However, breastfeeding can be challenging and sometimes affects mothers' mental health and the joy of interaction.
Qualitative design.
Individual semistructured interviews with 12 mothers. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews.
Three main categories emerged from the data: (1) desire to adapt to Norwegian culture, (2) feeling as though one was breaking the law and (3) lack of and unbalanced information. The mothers in this study wanted to breastfeed, both to do the best for their child and to fulfil cultural expectations. They knew about the advantages of breastfeeding. When breastfeeding was stopped, they needed social support because they felt it was difficult to do the opposite of what was most common in the culture.
Healthcare workers should consider the mother's individual situation when providing breastfeeding guidance. Information about the advantages should be adequately balanced and nuanced to prevent shame and guilt. Healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about how to ensure that infant formula is used correctly.
Healthcare workers should pay attention to the mother if she has limited social support, and they should organise peer support. Healthcare workers must ensure that mothers get balanced information about the benefits of breastfeeding and about the differences between breastmilk and infant formula. To ensure that infant formula is used correctly and to reduce stigma, healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge about formula feeding and health authorities could provide information about how to prepare infant formula.
描述在倡导母乳喂养的文化环境中女性不进行母乳喂养的经历。
母乳喂养在挪威和许多其他国家代表着一种基本的文化价值观，母亲在给孩子喂奶时往往会有强烈的情感。许多国家的政治和卫生当局高度重视鼓励母亲进行母乳喂养。然而，母乳喂养可能具有挑战性，有时会影响母亲的心理健康和互动的愉悦感。
定性研究设计。
对12位母亲进行个体半结构式访谈。采用定性内容分析法对访谈进行分析。
数据中出现了三个主要类别：（1）渴望融入挪威文化，（2）感觉自己在违法，（3）信息不足与信息失衡。本研究中的母亲们想要进行母乳喂养，既是为了给孩子最好的，也是为了满足文化期望。她们了解母乳喂养的好处。当停止母乳喂养时，她们需要社会支持，因为她们觉得违背文化中最常见的做法很困难。
医护人员在提供母乳喂养指导时应考虑母亲的个人情况。关于母乳喂养好处的信息应充分平衡且细致入微，以避免羞耻感和内疚感。医护人员应具备足够的知识，了解如何确保正确使用婴儿配方奶粉。
如果母亲的社会支持有限，医护人员应予以关注，并组织同伴支持。医护人员必须确保母亲们获得关于母乳喂养好处以及母乳与婴儿配方奶粉差异的平衡信息。为确保正确使用婴儿配方奶粉并减少污名化，医护人员应具备足够的配方奶粉喂养知识，卫生当局可以提供关于如何准备婴儿配方奶粉的信息。
