Kim Seok-Joo, Jenne Craig N
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Semin Immunol. 2016 Dec;28(6):546-554. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
In addition to their well-known role as the cellular mediator of thrombosis, numerous studies have identified key roles for platelets during various disease processes. Importantly, platelets play a critical role in the host immune response, directly interacting with, and eliminating pathogens, from the blood stream. In addition to pathogen clearance, platelets also contribute to leukocyte recruitment at sites of infection and inflammation, and modulate leukocyte activity. Platelet interaction with activated neutrophils is a potent inducer of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). NETs consist of a diffuse, sticky web of extracellular DNA, nuclear and granular proteins, and serve to ensnare and kill pathogens. In addition to catching pathogens, the cytotoxic molecules and proteases on NETs have the potential to inflict significant tissue damage. Additionally, NET components have been suggested to be key activators of infection-induced coagulopathy. These critical roles, at the interface between hemostasis and immunity, highlight the need for balance in the platelet response; too little platelet activity results in bleeding and immune deficit, too much leads to tissue pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the role platelets play in inflammation, the link between platelets and NETs and the role platelets play in disease pathogenesis.
除了作为血栓形成的细胞介质这一广为人知的作用外，众多研究还确定了血小板在各种疾病过程中的关键作用。重要的是，血小板在宿主免疫反应中发挥关键作用，直接与血流中的病原体相互作用并将其清除。除了清除病原体外，血小板还在感染和炎症部位促进白细胞募集，并调节白细胞活性。血小板与活化的中性粒细胞相互作用是中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）的有效诱导剂。NET由细胞外DNA、核蛋白和颗粒蛋白组成的弥散性粘性网络构成，用于捕获和杀死病原体。除了捕获病原体外，NET上的细胞毒性分子和蛋白酶有可能造成严重的组织损伤。此外，NET成分被认为是感染诱导的凝血病的关键激活剂。这些在止血和免疫之间的关键作用突出了血小板反应平衡的必要性；血小板活性过低会导致出血和免疫缺陷，过高则会导致组织发病。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们对血小板在炎症中的作用、血小板与NET之间的联系以及血小板在疾病发病机制中的作用的最新认识进展。
